Being the largest region in Spain with a population of 7 million and 800km of coastline, Andalucia is a pleasure to visit because it is so diverse in landscape, culture and holiday attractions. Tourism here has been the main factor in making Andalucia one the richest regions in Spain.

The Costa del Sol is the most famous coastline of Andalucia and runs most of the length of the southern coastline down to Gibraltar along the Mediterranean Sea. Here can be found some of Spain’s most famous holiday destinations including Marbella, Fuengirola Torremolinos, Mijas and Nerja.

The Costa de la Luz is situated on the western coast of Spain between Portugal and Spain’s most southern town Tarifa. Beaches here are beautiful with miles upon miles of white sand overlooked by palm trees. The Atlantic Ocean can be spectacular with fierce winds making this a haven for wind surfers and kite surfers, although these sometimes harsh conditions has meant tourism along the Costa de la Luz has not been as popular as on the Costa del Sol.

Moving away from the coast you will soon discover what makes Andalucia such a fantastic place to visit and considered by most to be the soul of Spain. Throughout the region you will find beautiful examples of the many Roman, Arabian and Moorish influences whose civilisations have dominated Spain throughout her colourful history.

Seville, the regional capital and the towns of Malaga, Granada, Cordoba and Ronda are cities full of history, architecture and culture. Andalucia is still an agricultural region as can be seen from the huge plastic greenhouses occupying vast areas of the coastal plains. These were here before tourism and continue to produce the much required fruit and vegetables for Spain and export into Europe.

Seville is one of the most exciting cities in Europe with many elegant boutiques, bars and restaurants and the old quarter of Barrio Santa Cruz. Sevilla has many superb attractions including the Cathedral and the Giralda, along with a vibrant cultural and social atmosphere.

Cordoba is a smaller city and has more of a Spanish atmosphere that can be felt within the bars and throughout the city. The main attractions are the famous Alcazar royal palace with its fantastic Roman mosaics; historic synagogue in the Jewish quarter, and the world famous Mezquita mosque.

Granada is situated in the foothills of the great Sierra Nevada with a backdrop of snow-capped mountains rising above the green foothills of the Alpujarras. The mysterious Alhambra Palace dominates Granada, but there is much more to see including the Cathedral, fashionable modern shops and the bazaar atmosphere in the old quarter.

The Sierra Nevada is the location of some excellent winter skiing between the months of November and March. There are great skiing facilities available among the small villages surrounding the slopes, which offer good accommodation, bars, restaurants and some incredible views of the mountains.

With most of the coastline bordering on the Mediterranean Sea, Andalucia has a typical Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and mild winters. Temperatures can vary hugely throughout the region, but average values range between 13C in the winter to 25C in the summer with daily sunshine averaging nine hours. Seville during the summer can hit temperatures approaching 50C, while Granada at the base of the Sierra Nevada mountain range, enjoys white winters bringing snow to the skiing resorts for three months of the year.

For holidays in Spain, the eight provinces in Andalucia offer a magnificent array of scenery and attractions for the holiday visitor. These include skiing in the Sierra Nevada; the deserts of Almería; fantastic nature parks & reserves throughout the whole region; world famous buildings in Seville, Granada & Cordoba and of course the famous holiday destinations along the whole length of the Mediterranean coast.

Algeciras is a Spanish port city in the southern region of Andalusia on the Mediterranean Sea. The city of Algeciras is one of the closest Spanish cities to the African continent, Morocco being the closest Continental African country.

It is worth making a note that though in English we say Algeciras, many locals and non-Andalusia Spaniards will more than likely pronounce it, AL-KA-THEE-RAS. If you pronounce it the English way, AL-JE-CEE-RAS, some many look at you blankly and will not know what you are talking about.

The town of Algeciras is actually a medium-sized city as Algeciras has a population of just over 115,000 and is a part of a metro area of approximately 260,000 people. of its’ location in Southern Spain there is a large North African and Middle Eastern population.

HISTORY OF ALGECIRAS

Like the Rock of Gibraltar, about 4 miles due east, there is evidence of human settlement in Algeciras before Roman or even prehistoric times. However, the actual founding of the city was most likely by the Romans themselves.

The city of Algeciras, due to its’ strategic placement, has been a site of conflicts over the centuries. Since its’ first resettlement, after Roman rule in the year 711 by the Moors invading present-day Spain, Algeciras has been invaded, captured and destroyed more than once.

During the Crusades Algeciras was captured by Castile, now a part of modern-day Spain with the help of other Christian forces from Europe in 1344, after numerous and lengthy sieges, which started in 1278. However, in 1368 the Moors retook the city and destroyed it completely. After the Moors destroyed Algeciras the area was thus abandoned for more than 330 years until it was finally resettled in 1704 by refugees from Gibraltar. Though it was not until the 1760’s did the Spanish make it into a city, the same plan was used which resembles much of what we see today.

ECONOMY

The economy of Algeciras is based mostly on industry as it is a major seaport. However, like many areas of Spain, Algeciras has taken a hit due to the financial crisis that is plaguing Europe, particularly Spain itself. Even in spite of the financial crisis the Port of Algeciras still ranks as the 16th busiest port in the world. There are many different types of industry in the city such as fishing, exporting/importing, plus numerous agricultural products coming from outlying village farms, that includes cereals, tobacco and farm animals.

Algeciras is not a wealthy city and this is somewhat evident as it is not the most well-kept of all Spanish cities, though it is not trashy. Given the situation of the poor economy nationwide, the people still seem to show great pride in their city. The people of Algeciras are actually very industrious and some have small shops in the city selling anything from tourist souvenirs to fruits and vegetables.

TRANSPORTATION

In the recent years Algeciras has become a tourist destination as the transportation makes it easy to get to Algeciras. One can get to/from Algeciras in a manner such as Madrid by train or car, La Linea/Gibraltar by bus or car and Morocco by ferry.

There is no airport serving Algeciras, though there is a heliport with scheduled flights across the strait to Cueta, a Spanish city on the African Continent. The closest airport to Algeciras is actually in the British controlled territory of Gibraltar. However, due to politics, you can only get direct flights to and from England from Gibraltar. The closest international airport on the Spanish mainland is Jerez Airport about 63 miles to the west of Algeciras.

As with many other European cities there are well-connected bus and brain systems in Algeciras. If you arrive via-train and plan on taking a bus at anytime during your stay, or if you arrive via bus and plan to take a train, try to go to the respective stations before going to your place of lodging. The bus and train stations are right across the street from one another. By going early you can buy your train tickets in advance thus you will avoid a ‘no seats available’ situation. You will also have ample time to ask any questions you may have, as well as learn which buses are direct or require changes. Also, as departure and arrival times are subject to change, you can confirm the times and dates of your next ride. If you arrive late in the evening, keep in mind that you should get to your hotel before night falls. If you feel night is approaching too quickly, do keep in mind that you should make plans to go back the stations in the morning. By the way, the Algeciras bus station seems to have the cleanest public bathrooms in the city!

If one was to fly into Madrid, en-route to Algeciras, it would be easiest and fastest to take a high-speed train to Algeciras; about a 5 hour ride for about $55 USD per-person. There are usually two train departures to Algeciras per-day from Madrid: one in the morning, around 8:30 am and one in the afternoon, about 3:15 pm. All trains leave from Madrid’s Central Station.

It is important to keep in mind that train times and frequencies are subject to change at anytime. If you know the day you wish to depart for Algeciras try to book your travel before you leave the Madrid International Airport. A train ticketing office, not a station, is located in the Airport after the clearing of customs. It may seem easier to book online or even over the phone, but one should beware, not all sites have honest representatives and may be more inclined to increase sale amounts. However, it is advised to check online for time tables so you will know have a general idea what to expect upon arrival. Again, it is strongly advised to make a stop at the train ticketing office at the airport upon your arrival into Madrid.

It is also important to know that when you purchase a direct train ticket to Algeciras there will be stops, though a change of train will not be necessary. Algeciras will be the very last stop on the route so knowing when to get off will not be difficult.

If you wish to go to Malaga, Spain from Algeciras it is most advisable to use a bus. As mentioned in the paragraph above, not all online train representatives are honest as they may try to sell you an unnecessary, extended route ticket. A good example of this: there is no direct train route from Algeciras to Malaga, however, there is train service. One can take a train from Algeciras to Cordoba, change trains and go from Cordoba to Malaga. The trip takes about 4 hours and 45 minutes. Also one can take a train from Algeciras to Bobadilla, change trains and go from Bobadilla to Malaga. This trip takes about 5 hours. Either of these journey’s will take you through some breathtaking views through the mountains as well as Spain country side. Either of these trips are not the cheapest nor best use of time unless you have the extra money and time and want to see this additional excursion.

Without question the ‘auto-bus’ is the fastest and cheapest mode of public transportation from Algeciras to Malaga. Also the approximately one and a half hour bus ride to Malaga has some breathtaking views as you will travel along a coastal highway over looking the Mediterranean Sea.

Renting and car and driving from Madrid to Algeciras is a viable option. However, it must be keep in mind that car rentals can be very expensive. Gas prices in Spain range from about $5.50 to $6.50 USD equivalent, at the time of this writing, in mid 2012. The trip is approximately 425 miles long and will take about 7-1/2 hours without stopping.

Ferry is the easiest way to cross the Strait of Gibraltar from Algeciras heading to Morocco. There are two destinations available via ferry from Algeciras, Tangier, Morocco and Cueta, Spain. As mentioned above, a helicopter to Cueta is available. However, if Morocco is the only reason for heading across the strait then a ferry ride would be the easiest way to go. The travel time varies as there are different types of ferries used. A high-speed ferry takes about 30 minutes while a slower ferry may take up to 2-1/2 hours. Prices will vary based on a number of factors, such as one way or round trip, high-speed or normal speed and the company used although most will be competitive in their fares. Because of the high demand use of this route there are many arrivals and departures per-day. Doing research on different ferry company timetables, some available online, is the wisest thing to do. It is worth mentioning that security should be taken into consideration when traveling to Morocco.

GETTING TO GIBRALTAR FROM ALGECIRAS

Getting to Gibraltar from Algeciras is achieved easiest by taking a bus. From the Algeciras Bus Station, at the ticket desks you are not able to purchase a ticket, only advised the number of the bus that you need to get on and its departure time. Payment is collected upon boarding the bus.

Because Gibraltar is a foreign territory, a disputed one at that, buses cannot cross the border. The bus going to Gibraltar actually goes to the closest Spanish city, La Linea. The bus may make many stops on the way, though you should not need to change buses. However, before boarding the bus do ask the driver if it is a direct bus. Most drivers will understand and speak some English; enough to understand your question and give an answer.

Upon arrival at the La Linea Bus Station, take the main exit/entrance, the local people will use a short-cut: the one for the buses instead of going inside through the station. Once you exit the station you will be at a round-about. Look to your left and you will see the Rock of Gibraltar. You must walk down the road that looks as though it goes straight to the Rock. You will come to a main road, cross it and then turn left. Keep walking on this road until you see a line of cars turning right past what looks like toll booths, that is the border. Make sure you stay on the right side of the road as that is the pedestrian entrance/border crossing. Customs is really just a walk through, but make sure your passport is in hand to show; it will most likely not be stamped.

Once across the border you will notice that cars do not drive on the left, like in England, rather on the right, just as they do in Spain.

About a hundred yards before you reach the airport runway you will see a bus stop. You can either join everyone and simply walk across the runway to Gibraltar about 5 blocks ahead or wait for a bus (which runs about every 15 minutes) and purchase a one day riding pass for only €2 per-person for unlimited bus travel until 9 pm local time. You are now on your way to having a great day in Gibraltar and saving a ton of money!

PLACES TO SEE

There are many interesting places to see in Algeciras. Being such an old city, historic buildings are in abundance. The majority of the city streets are still made of old cobble stone as the city is still very old world. Due to uneven surfaces and semi-steep inclines of the city, not all areas of Algeciras are recommended for people with walking disabilities.

Plaza Alta, or High Plaza in English, is a very popular spot for tourists to visit and take pictures. Locals love to sit and feed the birds. The beautifully fascinating square is in one of the main historic areas of Algeciras, surrounded by restaurants bars and shops. If you are walking from the south side of the city you may wish to use the elevator instead of walking up the fairly steep hill. The elevator is very easy to find and identifiable, located on the main road that separates the city from the port area.

The center attraction of Plaza Alta is the tiled fountain surrounded by beautiful palm trees. The railing and benches surrounding this picturesque fountain are all made of individual hand painted mosaic tiles, all with different scenes, telling a unique historical fact or story. Though there has been a fountain and market area in what is now called Plaza Alta since the 1780’s it was not until it was remodeled and “urbanized” in 1807 did it resemble what we see today.

THE CHURCHES ON PLAZA ALTA

On Plaza Alta stands two churches of great historical significance and value to the city of Algeciras, both of which are actually older than Plaza Alta itself. The newest and largest of the two churches located on the plaza is Church of Our Lady of Palma constructed in the 1730’s in baroque style.

The second church on Plaza Alta is a very tiny also baroque styled church, very easy to pass by and miss as it is so small and narrow from side to the other. This quaint little church is called Church of Our Lady of the Europe and was originally constructed in 1690 once approval was guaranteed by the Bishop of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cadiz and Ceuta.

Though, by the cityscape surrounding the church today, one would never know that it was originally constructed on a farm. The whole plaza used to be farmland, owned by a very wealthy family. However, the church as we see it today, is not the original church dedicated to St. Barnard. The original church had to be torn down and re-built in 1769 after sustaining extensive damage from the Great Lisbon Earthquake in 1755. The re-built church is what we see today.

SECOND PLAZA IN ALGECIRAS

There is a another plaza in Algeciras called Plaza Nuestra Senora de la Palma. This plaza has no churches or cathedrals nor any government buildings but it is still easily recognizable. What makes this Plaza unique is that in its’ center it contains a large white domed structure that is known as the Algeciras Food Market.

The dome was originally constructed in 1935 by a Spanish-born architect, Manuel Sanchez Arcas. Upon the dome’s completion it became the largest dome in history, staying that way for more than 30 years until it was surpassed by the Astro Dome in Houston, Texas, USA.

Every week day during the summer the whole plaza turns into a market packed offering all sorts of goods for sale, starting at 8 am and continuing until 2 pm, when it closes for the day. Many shops will close at this 2 o’clock hour as well because it begins the traditional siesta time until 5 pm. After siesta the permanent shops will open again, however, the food market will not open again until the next morning.

ALGECIRAS LIGHTHOUSE

The Punta Carnero Lighthouse, also called Algeciras Lighthouse, was built about 4 miles south of the city center of Algeciras at the mouth of the Bay of Algeciras. The lighthouse was built to serve the Port of Algeciras as Gibraltar, on the other side of the bay’s mouth, had already constructed its’ own lighthouse about 20 years earlier. Construction of the Punta Carnero Lighthouse was started in 1864 and was completed 10 years later.

Like most lighthouses the tower is cylindrical in shape, though it is unpainted and one can see the yellow sandstone used to construct it. The Punta Carnero Lighthouse is 72 feet tall. However, due to the construction location, it is a total of 134 feet above the sea below, giving a light range of 20 miles.

WATER PARK

Another attraction in Algeciras is Bahia Park. Bahia Park is a popular and fun family friendly destination. Though it is not of much historical value compared to other places in Algeciras, it is good place to take a break and get out of the summer sun.

The rates for admission into Bahia Park are as follows. €17.00 for adults, €13.00 for child under 1.5m (approx. 4’10”) or senior citizens 65+ years of age and free for children under 0.95m (approx. 3’1″). Opening and closing times for the park do change and is usually available online for those who have access to the internet. However, for those arriving after 3:30 pm will usually be granted a discount to the entrance fees shown above.

LA LINEA

La Linea is a small town in Spain, with its first dwellings dating back to the 18th century. These dwellings were part of the municipality of San Roque until 1870, when it became divided. La Linea is in the province of Cadiz in Andalucia. This quaint, beautiful little town originally got its name from the boundary, or, in Spanish, linea, that separates the country of Spain from Gibraltar as well as from the Immaculate Conception of Mary, the Mother of Jesus. In Spanish these people are called “lineses.”

La Linea lies on the eastern isthmus of the Bay of Gibraltar on the border of the British overseas territory of Gibraltar, with which it has close economic and social links. It is situated on the sandy isthmus which unites the Rock of Gibraltar with the coast in the eastern flank of the Bay of Gibraltar, between Sierra Carbonera and the Rock of Gibraltar. As far back as the 18th century when Gibraltar was a flourishing naval port La Linea residents have traditionally derived the majority of their livelihood by working in Gibraltar. This means of employment afforded the Spanish stopped total closure of the border during an ongoing dispute, between 1969 and 1982. Finally, in 1985 the border was fully reopened.

Today La Linea is a major supplier to Gibraltar of vegetables, fruit, liquor, fish, paste as well as being the manufacturer of cork.

La Linea bus station is only 5 minutes walk to the Spain – Gibraltar border. This rather small station is an important point for travelers between Cadiz and Malaga provinces. There are two bus companies: the Comes and the Portillo. The Comes bus company operates within Cadiz. The Portillo bus company operates along the Costa Del Sol from La Linea to Malaga.

The Gibraltar airport is also over the Gibraltar border making it a very central location for visitors to Gibraltar, Algeciras, La Linea, the Costa Del Sol and the Costa de la Luz.

OTHER EVENTS

Another part of Spanish culture, is Bullfighting and Flamenco Dancing. Almost all major cities in Spain will have both of these activities available for tourists to see and enjoy.

Many want to experience Spain and true Spanish culture however many people are opposed to the idea of going to see a bullfight. Despite the differences in the two they can actually work well together. You can see one without seeing the other and still say you experienced something truly Spanish.

Flamenco Dancing is truly a cultural show the whole family can enjoy. Flamenco dancers tend to dress fairly conservative thus making for a more family friendly environment. However it is important to remember some Flamenco Dancing shows are held in tapas bars. There are other locations where families can enjoy Flamenco dancers. Each city location and times differ. The best place to get these locations and times are at the local Tourist Information office. Overall Spain has done a very good job of building and staffing great Tourist Information Centers in not just the large, major cities but in smaller ones as well. Bus and train station attendants also do an excellent job of answering such questions for travelers. Remember: locals generally know and if they do not, they will graciously direct you to someone who does!

LODGING AND PLACES TO STAY

For those who like hostels Algeciras has no shortage of them. Many actually have very good review ratings. Just as with any other type of lodging prices may change during peak season, which would be summer time in Spain.

Mentioned below are few lodging options with high ratings, based on third-party reviews. All options shown are within reasonable walking distance from the Train and Bus stations, no more than 15-20 minutes of walking.

#1. Hostel la Palma, mostly a hostel in name only. Located in the same square as the Food Market, mentioned above. This hostel has many private rooms with baths and a friendly, helpful staff.

#2. Hostel Lisboa, one of the highest rated hostel in Algeciras. Not in a famous square so it may be difficult to find.

#3. Hostel Versailles, of the hostels listed this one is closest to the bus and train stations. However, it is somewhat tucked away on a side street.

There are also some upscale hotels in Algeciras with the same criteria as those mentioned above.

#1. Globales Reina Cristina, a historic hotel that originally opened in 1901. It Almost burned down in 1928, but is now one of the most luxurious of all hotels in Algeciras.

#2. Hotel Al Mar, another up scale hotel, located on one of Algeciras’ main roads. The road separates the city from the port; though there is water, there is no beach.

#3. Hotel Octavio, is directly above the bus station which makes this hotel very convenient for transportation purposes. Despite what some may think about a hotel above the town’s main bus station this hotel is actually rated 4 stars.

SHOPPING IN ALGECIRAS

As mentioned above there are numerous place to satisfy your shopping cravings in Algeciras such as the Plaza Alta area and the Food Market, which sometimes does have non-food items, such as leather goods and fashion jewelery.

If you like shopping in stores and boutiques you will find them in different areas around the city. Look for signs that say “Rebajas,” rebates in English.

Buying name brand clothing in Spain or Europe is not recommended, especially if you are from the USA. Brand names are almost ALWAYS cheaper in the States and unless you are in a high-end store there is no guarantee you are getting the real thing. However, there are lots of clothes and summer outfits that you can buy at good prices.

The British controlled area of Gibraltar is also a great place for shopping. Gibraltar is a VAT, tax-free area and you can get really good deals there. Also if you decide to head to Morocco for the day you might be able to pick up something more exotic, though it is not VAT free.

It is good to keep in mind how to get what you brought back home and make sure it will not cause problems with customs when trying to get back into Spain or the even the USA. Most restrictions pertain to food such as fruits and vegetables or dairy products. However other things such as candy alcohol and seeds may cause a hindrance. Although alcohol, candy and other foods mentioned are not always outright banned, laws at the federal and state level or your failure to claim or pay taxes might cause the items to be seized and you may face legal issues if they are in any violation.

RESTAURANTS IN ALGECIRAS

Finding a safe place to eat is going to be of no issue in Algeciras. Though the American style sit down restaurants are less common than cafeteria like restaurants you will still find some good places.

The North African and Middle Eastern food variety restaurants are scattered around the city along with Spanish ones as well. The chance to try some ethnic food should not be missed. Middle Eastern eateries are usually very inexpensive and the portions are usually of good size.

Due to the number of different restaurants in Algeciras it would not do much justice or fairness to name some and not others. Even online many restaurants go unrated as many people do not stay in the area long enough to eat at a variety of places.

You are encouraged to seek out places in Algeciras that may be of interest to you. The workers at restaurants are friendly and there is usually at least one English-speaking person per restaurant, though that is not an absolute rule.

Make sure that you keep watch as to where locals eat. If locals are not eating or gathered at certain place, there is probably a reason, assuming it is eating time. Yes, there may be lines at places frequented by locals, but eating where they do means you are more likely to eat at a well-regarded establishment and will be less likely to eat at a place where food poisoning may be an issue.

In the Spanish culture, people eat dinner at later times than Americans do. Sometimes, 9 pm will be dinner time. After the daily 2 pm to 5 pm “Siesta” the Spanish will come alive and may eat small meals at different places all in one night.

WEATHER AND SEASONS IN ALGECIRAS

The weather in Algeciras is wonderful almost all year, though the seasons do have some effect from time to time. The weather of not just Algeciras but the Andalusian region as a whole is what has made the area popular for northern Europeans to buy second winter and summer homes.

Summer time in Southern Spain is almost always sunny with little clouds and almost never any rain. The best all day and even nighttime short-sleeve weather is from June to September. During summer time temperature will be about 95F in the day and will only drop to around 59F in the nighttime.

Naturally, like all most areas in the northern hemisphere, winter temperatures are cooler than summer. Day time temperatures will stay at around 68F with nights at about 50F when there will also be more cloudy and overcast skies. However, once September comes the rains will start, which can sometimes be heavy although they never last long.

The next time you schedule a trip to Europe don’t forget Spain and while there don’t miss the quaint, old city of Algeciras. You will be glad you did!

Standing out for its unusual architectural design, Berlin Tegel airport was constructed in the shape of a hexagon surrounding a square.

The architects who designed Berlin Tegel airport did so with practicality at the forefront of the minds, and despite this being a huge international airport there is only a 30 meter walk from the terminal to the aircraft and vice versa. This is a good thing as around 14 and a half million passengers used Berlin international airport in 2008, making it one of Germany’s busiest transport hubs. This passenger traffic has more than doubled since 1993 when 7 million passengers used Berlin Tegel international airport.

However, that will not stop it being closed in 2012 to make way for the new and improved facility – Berlin Brandenburg international airport. Currently TUI fly, Air Berlin and Lufthansa are the three major airlines which use Berlin Tegel international airport. All of these airlines offer a special evening early check in service which is a great time saver.

Air Berlin flies to Alicante, Barcelona, Copenhagen, Frankfurt, Helsinki, Malaga, Paris Orly, Rhodes and many other world wide and domestic destinations.

A few of the popular Lufthansa routes are to Dusseldorf, Moscow and Munich while TUI fly regularly goes to Cairo, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and Fuerteventura in the Canary Islands, Tel Aviv and Venice Marco Polo among others.

It was only following the tearing down of the Berlin Wall in 1990 that Lufthansa resumed flights from Berlin Tegel international airport, recommencing their routes on the 28th of October.

Air France was actually the first airline to have flights from Berlin Tegel international airport and it still does regular routes to Paris Charles De Gaulle airport. This is because France was among the victorious allies which took control of West Germany. The American airline Pan Am was the second airline to start flying from Berlin Tegel international airport.

During the 1970’s and 80’s there was also a British airline called Dan Air which actually set up charter flights between Berlin Tegel international airport and Amsterdam Schiphol airport in Holland, as well as London Gatwick airport in England. Other well travelled routes are from Berlin to Athens airport with Aegean Airlines, London Heathrow airport with British Airways and John F Kennedy New York airport with Delta Air Lines.

Berlin has five main terminals, terminal A, terminal B, terminal C, terminal D and terminal E. Terminal A has 14 bridges, Terminal B is known as Nebel Hall and terminal C only recently opened in May 2007. Terminal C is used almost exclusively by the national German carrier Air Berlin. Terminal D was converted from being a car park in 2001 to make even more room at the airport and there are 22 check in desks there, while there are only three international check in desks at terminal E.

Marbella is situated to the south of Spain in the Malaga province. This beautiful city of unlimited contrasts has everything for those interested in buying property here. New constructions are expected to rise and Marbella real estate is beginning to see new light in the year 2013. Non-residents are showing keen interest and property demand from this section of the population is helping the industry to recover.

Buying Marbella Villas

Villas in Marbella are sought-after and the area itself is considered to be ‘the’ place for the rich. With glitterati, golf, yachts, polo and good weather are all the reasons for the elite to own such homes here. Many people buy property here as it is a good investment; besides the benefit of receiving good rentals, there is capital appreciation. The favorable climate is another reason for people interested in buying villas. Quite a few new properties are coming up which is causing prices to even out. The city is not big, so even if you buy further away from the coast, it’s only a drive of 20 minutes or so. It is important to select a house that is located centrally with a swimming pool in order to get good rentals. Check out houses for sale that fetch good returns and you can be sure to have made a good investment.

A Marbella Property Guide

Many buyers search for a particular type of house and end up buying Marbella apartments. A reputable property agent can help you in this right direction. Ultimately, it’s your choice that matters; however, if you compromise on a few areas, you will be happy with the selection. Careful planning and budgeting are vital; that is why, property agents can help you select good apartments with facilities. It should be well-located and have a good design. Talk to residents in the building, about the amenities and other aspects. Consider if the association rules suit your lifestyle. Closely inspect the apartment before purchase; whether there is sufficient closet space and facilities in the bathrooms. Real estate agents will guide you and provide all the help you need to close the transaction.

Real Estate in Marbella

Marbella real estate is indeed unique; with a wonderful climate, beaches, and several other attractions, the city has a range of properties to suit everyone. Although, Spain has been affected by the recession, it’s not the same with Marbella. In fact, it can stand on its own without depending on Spain’s economy. This is because of the rich investors who are acquiring land in this great location. The city is also not far from UK; it takes less than 3 hours from UK to Spain which makes it easily accessible. Hence, its realty is protected; which is why investors like to put in their money here.

Located amid picturesque mountains on the eastern Costa Blanca region, Alicante is an exceptional tourist destination, brimming with stunning attractions such as historic places, exquisite beaches and vibrant shopping streets. Alicante also boasts one of the only international airports in the region, which is regarded as a quick gateway to the whole Costa Blanca region. Besides, Alicante is only a short drive from such popular places as Malaga, Murcia, Valencia, and Benidorm.

Alicante renders world-class accommodation and accommodation options in Alicante include a chain of hotels, resorts, bed and breakfast accommodation and conference centers. With these numerous options, one can easily choose accommodation that suits any tastes and needs. For instance, if you are a business traveler, it would be better to choose an accommodation facility located within the city center, such as Hotel Hesperia Lucentum Alicante, Hotel NH Alicante, Hotel Kris Alicante, and Abba Centrum Alicante Hotel, all of them combined with superb facilities and amenities. Likewise, for a vacationer who has come to explore the attractions and beauty of Alicante, the best option would be to select a hotel or resort near wonderful Alicante beaches or harbour areas, including Holiday Inn Alicante in the quaint area of Playa San Juan; Palm Beach hotels – just 700 meters from the beach; Hotel Albahia with breathtaking views of the sea and Servigroup Pueblo Benidorm Hotel within close proximity to Levante Beach.

Alicante hotels can also be chosen according to the budget of the travelers. There are hotels, specially designed for luxury travelers, including Hesperia Alicante Golf Spa Hotel, Melia Alicante, Gravinocinco, Spa Morta Maris, and Eurostars Mediterranea Palace Hotels, of which many of them are coupled with most sophisticated facilities such as multi cuisine restaurants, golf clubs, fitness centers, spa, swimming pools, suites, round the clock room services, and shopping facilities. For budget conscious travelers, discount or cheap hotels are available that are priced less than EUR 50, prominent being Hotel Castilla Alicante, Hotel Ibis Alicante, Express by Holiday Inn Alicante, Hotel Estudiotel, and Hotel Tryp Ciudad De Alicante. Similarly, for travelers who can spend some more, hotels ranging between EUR 50 and EUR 70 can be opted.

However, prior to the selection of an Alicante hotel, it is important to make thorough research with regard to rates, service, and professionalism. The internet is undoubtedly the most perfect way to shop for the best hotel deals. One can also lean on reviews written by real users. Since majority of the hotels have their sites on the web with physical location details and telephone numbers, one can directly contact the hotels to get information regarding rates and bookings. Above all, a plethora of travel agencies are in the scenario, which assist not only in finding the best hotel deals but also help you in booking flights.

No matter what Alicante hotel you choose, whether luxury or budget, they are mostly within the easy reach of any of Alicante’s prime attractions, such as Museu de Arte del Siglo XX Asegurada, Elche Palm Forest, or Castell de Santa Barbara Castle.

Inés of My Soul is a daring novel, grand on any scale. Daring, because the writer has courageously confronted one of the bloodiest periods in South American history, taking sides neither with the conquistadors nor with the indigenous people; grand, because it is a vastly researched historical fiction as well as being a love story.

The story is told from the imaginary point of view of Inés Suárez from what she may have written in her diary when seventy years old. The diary’s existence is also imaginary. Only a writer of Isabel Allende’s stature would dare to tell this very complicated story in flashback and succeed so brilliantly.

In her diary, Inés addresses Isabel, her stepdaughter from her last marriage. In the first chapter, Inés Suárez says: “I beg you to have a little patience, Isabel. You will soon see that this disorderly narrative will come to the moment when my path crosses that of Pedro de Valdivia and the epic I want to tell you about begins.”

Inés, a poor seamstress from Plasencia–a town in Spain, comes to the new world in a ship with her niece to search for her husband Juan de Málaga. In reality, she is determined to escape from poverty and the backward thinking of the society she was born into. When she learns her husband is dead, she tries to make it on her own with her nursing and housekeeping skills. When a man who was in the same ship with her tries to attack her, she kills him out of self-defense, but the ship’s captain takes the body of the man from her house and discards it, keeping her name clear. After this, Inés wants to move on to other towns in the new world, partly with fear of being found out. It is at this time that she meets Pedro de Valdivia, the conquistador of Chile, and becomes his mistress.

Inés gets Pisarro’s permission by saying that she knows dowsing and can find water in the desert; so, together with Valdivia she travels to Chile, crossing an impossible arid region and facing many hardships to establish the city of Santiago in the Mapocho Valley as a Spanish settlement. They call the new town, “Santiago de la Nueva Extremadura.” The date is February 12, 1541.

In this settlement, cut away from Peru because of distance and dreadful travel conditions, the group faces a terrible struggle against chief Michimalonko’s fierce Mapuche Indians. Inés’s story continues until 1580 when she is writing her memoirs at age seventy as a rich and successful widow but somewhat boastful and full of pride.

Even if the story is filled with battles, cruelty, and blood and gore, the central theme is the passionate love and companionship between two lovers. The relationship between Pedro and Inés is that of a fairy tale, passionate, loving, and full of communication. Even if Pedro changes from an idealistic man to a man of greed eventually, his love for Inés survives to his last breath.

Although Isabel Allende, through Inés, does not lionize or conceal the brutality of the conquistadors, she romanticizes the idea of establishing settlements in the new world and the exploits of those who went through so much to conquer the continent. Inés, a remarkable woman who comes up with solutions to most problems the people of the settlement face in the new world, is portrayed as the modern women’s rights advocates would like to see a heroine. How much of this idealizing might have come close to the truth is debatable.

Inés of My Soul is the fifteenth book for Isabel Allende. In this book, too, her narrative style takes over the story, but her delightful storytelling with the exciting twists and turns in her narration grip the reader fully and make him want not to leave a word unread.

Isabel Allende is a Chilean novelist who was born on August 2, 1942 in Lima, Peru. His books are: The House of the Spirits (1982), La gorda de porcelana (1984), Of Love and Shadows (1985), Eva Luna (1987), The Stories of Eva Luna (1989), The Infinite Plan (1991), Paula (1995, Afrodite (1997), Daughter of Fortune (1999), Portrait in Sepia (2000), City of the Beasts (2002), My Invented Country (2003), Kingdom of the golden dragon (2004), Forest of the Pygmies (2005), Zorro (2005), Ines of My Soul (2006), and Dos Palabras.

The book is in hardcover and 336 pages with ISBN-10: 0061161535 and ISBN-13: 978-0061161537.

As expected from Allende’s wonderful storytelling, “Inés of My Soul” is a brilliant historical epic, full of excitement and suspense.

Port, Sherry, Madeira, Malaga, Tokay, Frontignan and Frontignac are all fortified wines. They also happen to be place names in Europe or names for wines from specific locations there so many of these names can’t be used to describe an Australian made product.

Muscat is the one exception and refers to the name of the grape it’s made from. The muscat family of grapes includes: Orange Muscat, Muscat Canelli and Muscat de Frontignan. Muscat can make a lovely white wine but different Muscat grapes make the lovely sweet syrupy red fortified wine we know in Australia. Most of the wine produced in Australia during the 1800’s and up to the mid 1900’s was fortified. Only the last thirty years have seen table wines overtake fortified wines in quantity produced.

Saying a wine is fortified means the alcohol content is greater than what natural yeast fermentation could give. Wines are ‘fortified’ to higher alcohol content by adding brandy or neutral spirit hence the name fortified wines.

To make a fortified wine you start with very ripe grapes, generally 25 brix (sugar content) or higher. Low vigour yeast is used to extract maximum colour and tannin from the fermenting grapes. After a few days the sugar content of the fermenting grapes is checked every few hours. When the sugar content drops to around 8 brix a brandy or neutral spirit of around 80% alcohol by volume is used to bring the average alcohol content up to around 18%. The higher alcohol content will kill the yeast and after a day or two the fermentation will stop with a residual sugar level around 6 brix.

In Australia we are not allowed to add sugar to wines while the rest of the world can. On the other hand we can adjust the acid levels in our wines while the rest of the world has to be happy with what they end up with.

And, the official line from the Australia Wine and Brandy Corporation is:

1. Grape spirit used to make fortified wine must contain not less than 740 mL/L of ethanol at 20°C.

2. Brandy used to make fortified wine must contain not less than 571 mL/L of ethanol at 20°C.

3. In addition to the substances permitted by clauses 2 and 3 of this Standard, fortified wine may also contain caramel.

4. “Except where the word “port” is used as a registered geographical indication, it may only be used to describe and present a fortified wine.”

Think of port wine and you think of a roaring fire, sweet chocolate and late nights. The original port comes from the oldest demarcated wine region in the world, the Douro valley in the northeast corner of Portugal. 48 authorized grape varieties can go into a port. The most common are 8 red and 8 white with tinta rariz, tinta francisca, touriga nacional and touriga francesca topping the list. The traditional production method of crushing grapes by foot accounts for around 5% of production. The grapes are walked over for 2 hours in 1 metre deep stone tanks around 10-15 square metres in size. ‘Liberdade’ is declared and then people dance on the grapes for anther two hours. And the reason they’re crushed by foot is that your feet are soft. Soft feet won’t break open the grape seeds and release the bitter contents like some machinery does. The wines are fermented and fortified and stored away in oak barrels for anywhere from 2 to 50 years.

There are 5 general ‘types’ of port available:

White port is a simple multi-vintage blend, either sweet or dry

Ruby and tawny ports are usually sweet multivintage blends

Dated ports are quality wines, usually of a “tawny” type, and are marked as to their age

Harvest ports are single vintage and aged at least 7 years

Vintage port is a single vintage and of the highest quality

The classic Madeira wine comes from the sub-tropical island of Madeira off the coast of Portugal. Prince Henry the Navigator probably introduced the first vines to Madeira during initial colonisation of the island. Jesuit priests managed the first wine trading and owned large properties and vineyards.

The 4 varieties of grape used to make Madeiras are Malmsey, Bual, Verdelho and Sercial and they in turn determine the style of Madeira. All Madeiras are fortified with pure grape brandy at the appropriate stage during fermentation, determined by the grape variety and/or style being produced. Malmsey and Bual are fortified early for a sweet drink. Verdelho and Sercial are fermented later to produce a drier wine.

The classic Madeira flavours are created during the winemaking process when it undergoes an ‘estufagem’ or heating process. After primary fermentation and fortification, the wine in oak barrels is slowly heated to approx 45°C for around 3 months and then slowly cooled and blended.

The Australian Wine and Brandy Corporation states that we can’t use the name Madeira any more “except where the word “madeira” is used as a registered geographical indication, it may only be used to describe and present a fortified wine made before 1 January, 1998.”

Despite most people’s impression of bullfighting as being unique to only the whitewashed villages of Ronda, in Andalusia, Malaga and Seville (though not villages, are also in Andalusia), are all truly great places to see a bullfight, along with Madrid.

Ronda is the original place where modern bullfighting began, thus the Ronda bullring is held in very high regard among aficionados. However Ronda tucked away in the mountains and its bullring is not that accessible for true, genuine bullfighting fans. There are very few bullfights actually staged in Ronda, perhaps to not only preserve Ronda’s status as the original and genuine home of bullfighting but also to not allow this quint little village to become another tourist trap.

Spain’s bullfighting roots can be traced to prehistoric bull worship and sacrifice. Many link bullfighting to Rome where many animal and even human events were held. Theories exist that bullfighting was introduced into Hispania by the Emperor Claudius, being a substitute for gladiators during a time when a short-lived ban on gladiatorial combat was enforced.

Originally a sport for aristocrats, bullfighting got its start in 711 AD during the celebration of the crowning coronation of King Alfonso VII. Religious festivities and royal weddings were celebrated by bullfights in the local plaza, where noblemen would ride competing for royal favor, and the general population spectators enjoyed the excitement. At that time bullfights were fought on horseback, using the “toro bravo,” a species of bull that has been conserved from an ancient line, found only in Spain, and still used to this day.

King Felipe V detested the sport, saying it set a bad example for the public and banned the it for the aristocracy in 1724. However, commoners loved the sport. Because the common people could not afford horses, the Spanish introduced bullfighting with matadors on foot. Generally regarded as having been the first to do this was Francisco Romero who initiated the rules for this new sport. The Spaniards quickly became true professionals in the practice of dodging the bulls, unharmed, on foot.

Now a part of Spanish culture and tradition, bullfighting is actually considered a form of art and, without question, a national past-time. Although the pitting of man against beast is the end point of bullfighting, the Fiesta is highly ritualized. Bullfighting is also big business in modern Spain.

The bullfighting season runs from April to October. Bullfighting is certainly one of the most well-known as well as the most controversial Spanish customs. A bullfight is also one of the places that the Spanish people truly come together as one mind and one heart to proudly celebrate their heritage. Today several thousand Spaniards seek out the thrill of celebrating a bullfight, the most traditional of the Spanish Fiestas. It is said that the total number of people watching Spanish bullfights are easily over one million per year.

Vista Alegre and La Plaza de Toros de Las Ventas are the two bullrings in Madrid. Each has a capacity of 20,000. La Plaza de Toros de Las Ventas is the more important of the two and is where the majority of the city’s bullfights take place. The most noted of the two Spanish bullrings is La Plaza de Toros de Las Ventas that has been in use since 1931. One can find Plaza de Toros Las Ventas on Calle Arenal # 237. If you are going by metro take the metro Ventas. Also, Vista Alegre has, in recent years, been used more as a concert and sports venue.

Bullfights are every Sunday at 7 pm from mid-May (during the San Isidro festival) until October. Some of the best bullfighters can be seen during these times.

Something important to know and remember when you purchase your tickets is the fact that La Plaza de Toros de Las Ventas is an open-air bullring. Tickets can be purchased in the section that provides shade to the spectators. Remember, it can get very hot in the sunny, open-air area, without shade protection. Naturally, the shaded area is going to cost more money. At the time of this writing open-air tickets were selling for $44.03 USD and the shaded areas for $56.60 USD. Prices are subject to change and only adult tickets are sold. Bullfights are not recommended for children under the age of 14 years, as advised by Madrid’s Children Commissioner.

The smaller La Maestranza bullring in Seville offers 12,500 seats and is one of the most popular arenas, attracting the best bullfighters in Spain. La Ronda’s bullring was built in 1785 and is one of the oldest in the country.

As it is practiced today, a “toreros,” or matador executes various moves and movement which is derived from the bullfighter’s personal style and personality as well as from the school where he learned and perfected the sport.

All bullfighting Matadors derive inspiration and sharpen their artistic abilities by not only the sheer practice of bullfighting, but also the seeking of an emotional connection with the crowd that is always transmitted through the bull. The Matadors maneuvers are always performed at close range, which places the bullfighter at great and grave risk of being gored or trampled.

A bullfight is a show – it is a dance with death; one wrong move and the Matador could become impaled on the horns of the bull. It is the Matador’s job to make this dance dramatic and enjoyable for the audience. A bullfight is most definitely not for the faint of heart!

Matadors wear “Suit of Lights,” an intricately designed beaded and embroidered costumes. A parade of the “paseillo,” or participants, all well choreographed, some riding well protected and decorated horses that circle the arena prior to the release of the bull. High drama at its controversial best is this three-part ritual as old as the sport itself go forth as everybody involved in the bullfight presents themselves to the president of the event and spectators. Two alguacilillos on horseback look up to the president’s box and symbolically ask for the keys to the puerta de los toriles. All of this pomp and circumstance drama is then followed by “corridas de toros,” the actual bullfight.

A bull is then let into the ring as the Matador, the top bullfighter, watches his chief assistant wave a bright yellow and magenta cape in front of the bull. This act is intended to make the bull charge. The Matador watches intently to determine the bull’s qualities and mood, before taking over himself.

A trumpet is then sounded and other several fighters, called Picadores, weaken the bull by placing spears into it. All of this takes about 10 minutes.

Then another trumpet is sounded. The Matador now removes his black winged hat and dedicates the death of the bull to the president or perhaps to the crowd prior to beginning his faena.

The faena, where the matador proves his courage and artistry. It is, without a doubt, the most beautiful and skillful portion of the fight. The faena consists of a running, carrying a muleta, that is held in either the left or right hand, all with the intention of making the bull charge, and when it charges, the muleta is then swung across and away from the matador’s body hopefully taking the bull with it. Always held in the right hand is the espada, the killing sword. The faena continues until the Matador has demonstrated his superiority over the bull. Once this is achieved the bull is ready to be killed.

The matador keeps the bull fixated on the muleta from a distance of about ten feet. At the right moment the matador rushes and attacks the bull, pushing the espada over the horns and deep between the shoulder blades. If the sword hits its intended mark it is an estocada. However, if there is a miss and it hits bone it is a pinchazo or media-estocada. An estocada usually results in the bull dropping immediately to its knees and dying. However, but if the bull fails to die the matador may take a sword with a short cross-piece at the end, called a descabello, and uses it to stab into the bull’s neck severing the spinal cord. The fight is over.

If the matador has moderately pleased the crowd he would normally be awarded an ear of the bull. If pleased with himself as well as the crowd the matador would receive both ears of the bull and possibly it’s tail too.

Most rarely, if the public or the matador believe that the bull has fought extremely bravely, they may petition the president of the event to grant the bull an “indulto,” or a pardon. If the pardon is granted the bull’s life is spared and it is allowed to leave the ring alive and return to the ranch where it came from. At that point the bull then becomes a stud bull for the rest of his life.

As previously mentioned, watching a bullfight is not for the faint of heart. When you visit Spain if you do not think a bullfight is something that you would like to take home as a lifetime memory then choose an alternative, such as a great and wonderful Flemenco!

Flamenco guitar is an art that it is hard to master. But is it possible to play a flamenco guitar melody that is easy to learn for a beginner. Come and see!

Flamenco is a song, music and dance style which has its roots in Moorish and Jewish musical traditions.

Flamenco culture has become one of the icons of Spanish music and even Spanish culture in general.

The flamenco guitar comes from the lute and is made of Spanish cypress and spruce and is smaller than a classical guitar with a sharper sound.

Malaguena is a flamenco style with its roots in the local fandango of Malaga.

You will not need to read sheet music to play this flamenco guitar piece. We will instead use guitar tablature. You will only use four strings on the guitar.

The string with the highest pitch is called the first string or E-string. Look at the following guitar tab with four strings indicated:

1. ————————-

2. ———0———–0—

3. —–1———–1——-

4. -2———–2———–

This is a tablature staff and the number 2 on the fourth string indicate that you play the fourth string while pressing down the second fret.

The next note is played on the first fret on the third string. The zero indicate that you play the note without pressing down any fret.

Play the melody with your thumb and with your first finger resting on the first string for later use.

Here is the next guitar tablature part:

1. ————————-

2. —–1—0—————

3. -2———–2—0——-

4. ———————3—

After the last note on the third fret on the fourth string you just start over again with the first guitar tab staff.

Now it is time to introduce your first finger on your right hand into the melody. After every note you play with your thumb you just have to pluck the first string with your first finger. In guitar tab it looks like this:

1. —–0——-0——

2. —————–0–

3. ———1———-

4. -2——————

And so on for the rest of the melody!

I hope you will find this very simplified flamenco guitar tab melody enjoyable. I guess many people will recognize the melody when they hear you play it.

Flamenco guitar playing is of course an art that is hard to master but this little flamenco piece doesn’t sound so bad. Does it!

When it comes to the windsurfing places, most surfers choose Spain as their favorite one. Known as the paradise of windsurfing, Tarifa beach is world famous for its ideal surfing conditions and tourist facilities. Tarifa is located in the Cadiz province, on the most southern point of the European Continent. It is very easy to reach at the place as it takes just 1.5 hours from Malaga international airport. Tarifa is situated on the southernmost tip of Spain at the Straits of Gibraltar, close to African shore. Thousand of tourists especially go for windsurfing in Spain, which has some popular and beautiful beaches in Europe.

Spain is one of the most popular countries for water sports. Its geographical location in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula is responsible for creating ideal surfing conditions. This is why people from world over wish to be a part of the spectacular show of surfing in Spain. The mainland of this country is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea. Its territory includes the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean, the Canary Islands are also famous for kitesurfing in the Atlantic Ocean off the African coast.

From the surfing point of view, there is everything available in Spain such as strong winds, wide sea area, surfing equipment facility, proper guidance, staying facility, etc. The airstream effect of the Strait of Gibraltar helps to accelerate winds on the coastal area. Wide sandy beaches and vacation facilities make Tarifa a favorite place for windsurfing in Spain.

You can witness what a strong influence of surf culture this territory reflects. Windsurfing is spread everywhere: surfboards on every second car, many surfshops selling surfing equipment along Tarifa streets, flashing banners, streaming with the Tarifa wind and so on. There are plenty of cultural attractions in Spain. Andalusian style of Tarifa, flamenco and sevillana dancing, tapas bars and the sherry bodegas are some other attractions of this European country, apart from windsurfing tournaments. Jerez, Seville, Cadiz, are some other attractive places where you can visit to a day trip.

As far as climatic conditions of Tarifa are concerned, this zone experiences a warm and humid climate most months. Visitors can enjoy its mild winters and hot summer seasons but temperatures always remain quite moderate and comfortable. During winter, there are frequent rains and winter days that vary from warm weather to rainy and cold. At that time, average temperature hovers around 10°C. So the sea surface does not freeze and remains ideal for windsurfing or kitesurfing in Spain. It is not very difficult to book your berth to this terrestrial paradise, you can do it online anytime anywhere.