An inkjet printer has a replaceable component called inkjet cartridges that contain the ink used for printing on paper. Official cartridges are costly to replace and do not contain efficient amounts of ink. Continuous ink system (CIS) [also called continuous flow system (CFS)] delivers large volumes of ink into a small inkjet cartridge, thus eliminating the limited ability of single-cartridge printing. It is used by many businesses for increasing the speed and volume of printing capacity. An ink reservoir separate from the print cartridge helps in easily replacing or refilling the ink tank while printing is in progress. The users can also make use of aftermarket inkjet inks as well as specialty inks for black and white printing or for printing on T-shirts.

Continuous ink systems have a barometric pressure design. As the front tank is vented to the atmosphere there is a negative air pressure in the back. A standard level of printer ink in the reservoirs allows smooth flow of the ink into the cartridges, supplying a constant amount of ink ready to be printed out. This system started on a commercial wide format, but as the inkjet market picked up momentum the home and office inkjet market also benefited from it. It is one of the oldest technologies in printing.

Advantages Of Using Continuous Ink System:

* Bulk refill ink is cheaper than ink cartridges. For the cost of one set of official cartridges, you will receive enough ink to print 5x the same amount. The continuous ink supply system (CISS) ink is cost effective for the user.

* As there is no cartridge to be replaced, there is no plastic waste left. This is environmental friendly as well.

* It is time-saving as swapping of cartridges is not necessary.

* The maintenance cost is very low and the printing function is continuous as there is no dependency on replacing the cartridge.

* It delivers large volume of prints in lesser time.

Criteria For Inkjet Printers Using Continuous Ink System:

It is easier to find a CIS kit for inkjet printers if they meet the following criteria:

* The printer should have a separate cartridge for each color.

* The print head should be separate from the cartridge.

* The printer should not use any of the latest technology in chip design

The printer cartridges from the original manufacturers are very expensive. This makes the consumers search for alternate options like bulk ink systems or standalone third-party refillable cartridges. These options are both cost-effective and environmentally-friendly in cases where large printing volumes are required. The refilling is simple and can easily be done by anyone with steady hand. Many manufacturers discourage consumers from using the third party supplied inks as they may vary in quality when compared to the original manufacturers, while stating this impacts the life and quality of prints as well. This is just a scare tactic used by the major printer manufacturers to scare consumers into purchasing their highly expensive ink cartridges.

The typical operating cost in Continuous Ink System is 1/10 of the normal cost. There is a wide variety of CIS kits available in the market. However identifying the right fit for the printer in use requires time and research. Undoubtedly, continuous ink system and refillable cartridges are the most useful and cost effective ink solutions for consumers and are here to stay.

Reef sandals were launched in 1984, after much planning and perseverance by two brothers, Fernando and Santiago Aguerre, who moved from Argentina to California with the hope of making their dreams, come true. They had very little capital with them at the beginning, amounting to about 4000 dollars. So they had to make do with a shared warehouse for their sandals and a small shop near the Rose Canyon. They soon understood that as fabulous as their products might be, nobody had noticed. To overcome this obstacle, the brothers decided to go in for an eye capturing ad campaign: a gorgeous model alongside their sandal, but who never reveals her face. The “Miss Reef” campaign was that one final ingredient that had to be added to the recipe for Reef sandal’s success. Following their success Reef has been able to greatly expand their showcase of not only sandals, but clothes and swimwear as well.

Today Reef offers a variety of beautiful beach sandals for women. Reef sandals have been designed in such a way that each and every pair has its own unique style and personality. Reef Jet Setter sandals and Reef Sandy sandals are two such pairs. Reef Jet Setter is the ultimate in prettiness and girly cute and a must addition to anybody wanting a bit of extra colorful zing in their wardrobe. It is guaranteed eye catcher. The footbed are made of glossy synthetic with a snake skin surface and for providing grip the outsole is made of rubber. The prints are in solid colors, with strap and footbed in the same color. Reef Jet Setter sandals are available in many of a girl’s best loved colors including Hot Pink, Black, Gold, Silver and Periwinkle. They come for $19.95. The Reef Sandy sandals are one of Reef’s bestsellers. The look of these sandals is simple and classic without being remotely boring. The footbed has been given a brushed sandy texture so that there is extra traction and grip. It has a triple density construction so that there is plenty of room for flexibility. The high density outsole has been designed for durability. The Reef Sandy sandals have got interesting knitted polyester straps, usually as a contrast to the plain solid footbed. These sandals come in brown and light pink, brown and aqua, brown and multicolor, black and brown and brown and brown. The Reef Sandy sandals are available in sizes 5 through 11.

Jet Lag, that upsetting of our internal biological clocks whenever we leave the comfort of our home time zone, is real. All of us experience it, to a greater or lesser extent. Those of us who travel infrequently are stricken more violently than those of us who travel a lot.

But even seasoned travelers can be laid low by the effects of Jet Lag.

So, what is Jet Lag? As we move away from our home time zone, there’s a noticeable change in the day-night cycle. As we travel east, the morning sunlight comes at an earlier and earlier (to us) clock time.

As we travel West, the days seem to grow longer, and it takes “forever” for nightfall to appear.

The truth is that when we travel East, we tend to want to sleep late, and to go to bed early.

The converse is true for those of us who travel West.

This confusion between what the local clocks are showing us, and what our internal clocks are telling us, is what we call “Jet Lag”.

Jet Lag is so prevalent that almost any travel book you pick up will have recommendations and nostrums to relieve the effects of Jet Lag.

Why is it called “Jet Lag”?

Well, for one, if you travel a long distance on foot, your body’s clock has time to adjust to the shifting sunlight as you walk. Same goes for travel in cars, and also to a lesser extent, when traveling in trains and boats.

But with the advent of Jet Airplane travel, your biological clock becomes immediately overwhelmed.

Let’s say, for example, you plan a trip to visit Disney World in Florida. You fly from Los Angeles, California to Orlando, Florida. Your planning was excellent and you arrive in Orlando at 4 PM (local time) in the afternoon. You get to you your hotel and set up shop and now it’s 6PM.

Time for dinner!

But you’re not hungry, yet: After all, in California it’s only 3PM in the afternoon!

The next morning, your hotel alarm goes off at 6AM. Time to get up, get dressed up, have breakfast and head out to Disney World. But your body screams in protest, “It’s Only 3AM in the morning! I want to SLEEP!!”

Your vacation is ruined unless you somehow re-set your internal clock.

But How?

Good News!

When I was traveling to the Orient more than I do now, we always left the States around noon local time. When we arrived in the Orient, it was usually early afternoon (their local time).

The first thing we did when we got situated in our hotel room was to drink a large bottle of water (flying can be very dehydrating), close the room-darkening blinds, and go to bed. We would sleep until 6AM local time. This long sleep period seemed to always reset our biological clocks to the local time.

Recent research(1) has shown that Jet Lag can be conquered, or at least its effects can be minimized by a very simple technique.

According to that article, our internal clocks are synchronized to the circadian rhythm of the Sun.

The authors’ recommendation is, when we reach our destination, to spend at least 15 minutes in the sunlight with our eyes open. Then, force ourselves to follow the local mealtime schedule, no matter what our internal clocks are saying.

The 15 minutes of sunlight (or if we arrive at our destination at night, 15 minutes of ‘dark’) tends to cause our clocks to start a re-synchronization reset: special light receptors in our eyes apparently have only one function – they’re not for allowing us to see better, they are there to detect sunlight falling on our retinas!

Go figure!

Something as simple as a little bit of sunlight can have such a profound influence on our well-being!

Also, by forcing our eating habits to change, our bodies have an inrush of nutrients at a time dictated by what (local time) our eyes are telling the body. This collaboration between eye and stomach appears to go a long way in re-setting our internal clocks to the local time zone, and lessening the effects of that debilitating “Jet Lag”!

Cell Phones.

Turn them off or place them face down. The blue light from the phones is distracting and will interfere with your body’s attempt to adjust. Even when you sleep!

References:

(1) Webb, A., and Herzog, E., 2017. Adapting your Body Clock to a 24-Hour Society. American Scientist, Volume 105: 348 -355

Flying on a 40 million dollar corporate jet is an experience like none other. Being attended to by a skilled corporate flight attendant in the opulent splendor of your luxuriously appointed cabin is something that you will not soon forget. Are you interested in leasing or renting a private jet? If so, the following information will help you in your quest. Safe flying!

Most people get their first taste of private jet flying by chartering a flight. Businesses, celebrities, and private individuals and families all peruse this service. You can too and the following list features some of the companies willing and able to provide this type of service for you:

Clay Lacy Aviation

Jet Aviation

Key Air

Million Air

Regal Aviation

TAG Aviation

The Air Group

This list is by no means exhaustive. For additional detailed information, please visit http://www.corporateflyer.net/PJCO.htm for all the top names.

There are also companies that will sell you fractional ownership in a private jet. What this means is that you can “co-own” part of an aircraft and fly it or a similar jet as needed. For details about how this works, visit the following companies’ web sites for information:

CitationShares

Flexjet

Flight Options

Netjets

Finally, there are several companies whose expressed business is to help you broker a flight. The better companies maintain extensive databases containing information about all the available jets that can be chartered. Some of the top companies include:

Air Royale

Bluestarjets

L&L International

Marquis Jets

Sentient

Your first flight is nearer than you think. Charter a jet today and take off to the destination of your choice!

Almost all of the noise from a jet is caused by the violent turbulent mixing at the boundary between the jet and the atmosphere. Initially the edge of the jet is clearly defined and there is thus a high-speed shearing action between static and rapidly moving molecules of air and gas. This quickly breaks down into small eddies which cause high-frequency noise of great intensity. The eddies progressively mix the jet with the surrounding atmosphere, blurring the jet boundary. Continued mixing makes the eddies larger and larger, progressively reducing the eddy frequency and thus the pitch of the noise, and also reducing the jet velocity. Eventually, at a distance of perhaps 200 ft, the jet is no longer clearly definable, but is replaced by a much larger mass of eddies characterised by the fact that, in general, the air in line with the jet axis is moving away from the aircraft. By this time the writhing air mass is also distorted by the natural wind, so that it can constitute a hazard to light aircraft beside an airport runway in a crosswind.

Once the gas has left the nozzle, nothing can be done to quieten its noise, but noise can be significantly reduced by the design of the aero engine exhaust system modules. Remembering that awesome ‘8th-power of Vi’ effect, everything possible must be done to minimize jet velocity. By far the best answer, for subsonic aircraft, is to replace a turbojet by a high-BPR turbofan. In any turbofan, provided there are no severe penalties in engine thrust and weight, it pays to mix the fan airflow with the core jet inside a full-length jet pipe. This can be done within the available length either with a chute-type mixer or by making the inner wall of the bypass duct (ie, the core jet pipe) progressively change from a circular section to deep corrugations.

Jet noise became an important environmental factor with the introduction of commercial transports powered by turbojets in the mid 1950s. These engines were noisy by any standard, and whereas the pioneer Comet 1 and Tu104 had plain jet pipes, the Comet 4, 707 and DC-8 were all provided from the outset with exhaust nozzles which promoted more rapid mixing of the jet with the atmosphere. The objective was to maximize the length of the nozzle periphery.

In the Avon engines of the Comet and Caravelle the exhaust nozzle (named for F. B. Greatrex of RollsRoyce) had an expanding diameter so that, whilst keeping cross-section area constant, it could incorporate six large inward-pointing chutes bringing fresh air to mix with the jet. In the DC-8 and Conway-engined 707 the jet was diverted outwards by internal vanes to escape through eight radial lobes. The effect with this corrugated-perimeter nozzle was the same as with the Greatrex but even more pronounced. With the Pratt & Whitney-engined 707 the exhaust nozzle was terminated in 20 separate circular tubes.

In the Avon 531 of some Caravelle VIs the nozzle was fitted with a hinged flap between two of the lobes to trim area to different flight conditions. Concordes have unique exhaust nozzles, the inner primary petals having retractable ‘spades’ to break up the periphery and the outer (reverser) eyelids, in effect squashing the jet on take-off to reduce noise.

All of these exhaust nozzles had little effect on the high-frequency noise from immediately downstream (in fact, by lengthening the periphery they mostly increased it), but this noise is rapidly attenuated by the atmosphere, and some that may reach the listener is beyond the audible range of frequencies.

Their main achievement was to reduce the more enduring lower-frequency noise. The fact that they were heavy and also degraded engine performance was obvious, and by modem standards the aircraft were still unacceptably noisy.

The breakthrough came when BPR (turbofan bypass ratio) was raised from below unity up to 5 or more. This has resulted in aero engines which obtain their thrust by accelerating a far greater mass of air more gently, and their noise is of a much less-obtrusive character. The fan jet is slower and cooler than that from a turbojet, and the annular nozzle already has a large periphery. The hot core jet is relatively small, and has had most of its energy removed by the multiple turbine stages, and again presents no significant problem.

Jet Aviation has announced that they have been sold, pending antitrust clearance, to the Permira Funds a leading international private equity specialist. Ending several years of speculation, the Zurich based operator of business jet services has finally accomplished what had long been expected: the sale of the Hirschmann family business to outsiders.

As early as 2000 the sale of Jet Aviation had been expected by employees as well as by industry insiders. Indeed, Jet Aviation management had been marketed openly throughout 2001 by Goldman Sachs, but the sale was cancelled when a suitable buyer was not found and the terrorist attacks put a further drag on an already downturning economy. Still, rumors of the sale of the company persisted and heated up recently with speculation that one of Warren Buffet’s companies, i.e., Gulfstream Aerospace, may have been interested in the company’s maintenance facilities.

Currently, Jet Aviation is a Zurich-based concern employing 3500 people worldwide. US operations remain strong with the bulk of the employees working out of Teterboro [NJ] Airport.

Even with the probable sale of the company to Permira, speculation is persisting as to what will become of the company after the sale is completed. Some industry leaders believe that the company is more valuable for its parts than as a single entity. Thus, parts of the company could be sold off and a scaled down Jet Aviation might remain in place. Areas of the company thought to be susceptible to a sale include:

1. US Maintenance Facilities. With prime locations at Bedford, Teterboro, West Palm Beach, and Dallas the American facilities are capable of providing expert airframe support to just about any type of business aircraft.

2. Completion Centers. Some or all of the company’s award winning completion centers are thought to be highly marketable. From the Boeing BBJ to the Gulfstream 550, and to the Sikorsky S-70A aircraft delivered “green” to Jet Aviation facilities are outfitted with state of the art interiors.

3. FBOs. Jet Aviation’s group of fixed based operations which provide domestic and international flight handling, line maintenance services, refueling, passenger and crew transportation, catering and hotel accommodations and immigration and customs services are an important asset for the company. Indeed, the Dubai facility — Jet Aviation’s newest FBO — is considered by some to be unmatched in the industry.

4. Jet Professionals. Founded in 1983, Jet Professionals — an aviation personnel service provider — became part of Jet Aviation as part of the acquisition of K-C Aviation Transportation Services in 1996.

5. Aircraft Management. Over 160 aircraft worldwide are managed by Jet Aviation including more than 50 in the US alone. Many of these aircraft are also available for charter. US operations could be sold to Jet Aviation’s strategic partner, New World Jet Corporation, a FAR Part 135 charter certificate operator.

In all, the sale of Jet Aviation ends one big area of speculation while, at the same time, it has opened up other areas. In the world of business aviation speculation is business as usual.

Here is some quick background info on the function of the submersible and jet pump.

PUMP BASICS 101-

The submersible pump and jet pump are both used to pump water from a well. The jet pump, either shallow or deep well, is used above ground. It uses an impeller and diffuser to vacuum out water into a pipe. If it is a shallow pump its ejector is above ground whereas the deep well ejector is submerged. The submersible pump is submerged in water near the bottom of your well. It uses existing pressure to push water to come to the surface and go into your home. Depending on the yield of your well and the needs of your water usage (household or industrial etc.) you might be faced with making a decision between jet pump or submersible pump.

My first tip involves saving time. The submersible pump saves you time because it is self-primed. A jet pump whether shallow or deep well (convertible) needs to be primed. It can be tricky because you have to get water into the jet pump without any air. This can take several attempts! A jet pump can also stop working because it has lost its prime. You may have to then get donor water from another source (like really nice neighbors) and replace the valves which are frequently to blame for loss of prime. This pump also will not build prime if there is an obstruction in nozzle, or the package or a leak on the suction side of the pump. Remember water for the submersible pump is right there conveniently at the pump itself. It goes to work immediately after you drop it in. Pushing the water to the surface effortlessly maintaining pressure and saving you installation and prep time!

My second tip involves saving energy. The submersible pump saves energy because it makes pressure 30% faster than the jet pump. The submersible pump is also saving energy by not having to fight gravity and atmospheric pressure like the jet pump does (and its not so quiet doing it ). This fight can create a high elevation between pump and water surface. This circumstance can cause cavitation which is serious damage to our jet pump. It can also cause overheating and surges which are both dangerous and costly. Remember jet pumps are limited to 1 1/2 hp for a given hp and flow rates of around 10 gpm at a depth of 50 feet. Submersible pumps caters to your water needs on demand regardless of how large the well is. That means more water for higher demand like garden ponds, sprinkler systems, horticulture, industrial and business pumping, just to name a few.

My third tip involves saving money. The submersible pump has a sealed motor and pump. It is practically maintenance free. The jet pump does not have a sealed motor or pump therefore, it can have corrosion inside the pump caused by fluid. There also can be leakage along the rotating shaft. The wear of the impeller can also be affected by suspended solids. These problems can be quite costly to repair. Not to mention the cost of the electricity running it. You can expect the initial cost of the submersible pump to be higher (gpm/hp factors in) but the life expectancy is longer than any other pump. One reason might be the cooler well water its submerged in protects the motor and its parts from higher temperatures. The submersibles also have a water inlet induction port at the lower end of the motor that cools it. In the long run, the submersible pump is an investment that will save you money.

July 14, 2010

Once upon a time, busy company executives used commercial airlines to get to important meetings in distant cities. Private company jets were few and far between.

Corporate jet ownership grew as companies did. A company jet became a status symbol and a perk that company boards could dangle in front of potential CEO’s. The recent scolding The Big Three Auto Makers got on Capital Hill has started some company officials rethinking their need for owning a private jet.

In the current economic climate, with private jets costing in the multiple millions of dollars, it is getting harder for companies to justify the high cost of jet ownership to their shareholders.

It really doesn’t make sense for today’s busy CEO’s to fly on commercial flights (regardless of what Congress thinks). T-I-M-E is an executive’s most valuable possession. That is one of the things in jeopardy for anyone flying on a commercial airline these days. There is a reason why airlines have “On Time” records – because too often they are NOT on time. There are many reasons to avoid flying on commercial airlines. Flight delays, cancellations, lost luggage, noisy passengers, rude attendants, need I go on? I haven’t even touched on the security issues, especially since 9/11. What IS a poor CEO to do?

Do yourself a favor and look into chartering a private jet. With just a few hours notice, you could be flying into the wild blue yonder on your way to that important meeting – you know, the one that’s just too important for you to miss or be late for.

Important Tip:

Don’t book your flight with a jet charter company. They will give you one price to choose from. If you don’t like it, too bad. They may even give you only one jet to choose from. If it doesn’t suit your needs, again – too bad. Go with a private jet charter broker who will give you quotes from multiple jet charter companies. This can help save your company money. That will make your shareholders happy and – should you have to appear before Congress, it should even make them happy.

Inkjet refills. What was once a messy, dangerous process has become safer and cleaner. No longer do you need to wade elbow-deep in ink through the process of topping up your empty inkjet cartridges. Not at all. Today the process of refilling your own empty inkjet cartridges is far more straighforward. And not nearly as messy.

As with most things the earliest versions of the inkjet refill kit were not perfect. They leaked, the ink was of poor quality and the instructions provided were usually substandard if you were lucky and non-existent if you weren’t.

How things have changed. Ink jet refills have moved from the back pages of computer magazines to our malls and high street stores. What was once a back street business reserved for the geeks of the world has moved into the mainstream and is now socially acceptable and being franchised by new companies every single day.

Improvements in the refilling technology of both home and industrial units combined with drastic improvements in ink quality and the much lower cost of inkjet refills has led to a mini-boom in the cheap inkjet cartridge market.

The most forward-thinking of these refill companies have even started to graduate the difficulty of the ink jet refill kits you can buy. Many stores, both on and offline, are now stocking Beginner, Intermediate and Advanced inkjet refill kits. These are specially designed to exactly match the skill level of the user.

Competition in the inkjet refill market is fierce. Companies are pulling out evert stop to grab their share of what is an extremely profitable market. This competition is great news for the consumer with free shipping and excellent customer service now becoming the norm as opposed to the exception.

Ink jet refills are here to stay. The company names and brands might change but ideas and creativity won’t. Why not start saving on your printer costs today?

If you are in the market for a mini lathe, you will undoubtedly find yourself considering a product from Jet. Jet, along with Delta and a few other manufacturers, are leaders in the lathe industry and have great reputations for producing high-quality tools. The Jet JWL 1014 is solid evidence of that commitment to quality and is a recommended mini lathe purchase.

One of the great things about the Jet mini lathe is the easy set up. Many reviewers have commented that the lathe is ready for use “right out of the box.” Users report that initial set-up takes less than thirty minutes! That compares quite favorably with far more complicated and difficult to use small lathes.

The Jet mini lathe receives a great deal of praise with respect to a variety of important considerations. The lathe has been on the market for some time and has demonstrated superior durability. If you are using your mini lathe the right way, you can expect to have it for years to come. This is not a throwaway piece of equipment.

The JWL 1014 manages to combine more than enough power with vibration-free operation. Unlike some mini lathes, you can tackle relatively intense smaller projects without worrying about chatter or unnecessary movement. That should be good news for anyone considering small, detailed work and those who simply want a comfortable experience. Those who plan to use a lathe regularly will certainly appreciate the smooth Jet.

The Jet lathe is capable of operating at a variety of speeds. However, it is not offer a “turn the knob” speed adjustment. In order to change the turning speed, the operator does need to adjust the pulleys. That may sound difficult, but it really is not. Fans of the Jet consistently state that they have been able to grow accustomed to changing speeds quite quickly.

The JWL 1014 can handle projects with diameters as large as six inches. The headstock is fourteen inches long, but Jet does sell an optional extension for those who need more room.

One of the main selling points of this Jet mini lathe is its retail price. The lathe often retails between only $300 and $400, making it extremely price competitive with other similar products from other respected manufacturers. One can push the price higher with the optional tailstock bed extension or the purchase of an automatic variable speed adjustment component. However, most buyers will find this mini lathe capable of meeting their needs without reaching for these upgrades.

Do not let the manual belt adjustment or the low price scare you away from the JWL 1014. This popular Jet mini lathe has a strong following for a reason. It is a great merger of function, quality and affordability.

If you are in the market for a small wood turning lathe, you will undoubtedly be pleased with the Jet JWL 1014.