As a fifth semester college student of English major who is currently taking Australian Studies subject, I am quite perplexed when my lecturer asked us, the students, to write an article with “Defining Australia” as the topic. I tried to read a module given by my lecturer about Australia, in which in the module it discusses topics such as “Whose Australia” and “Defining Australia” itself. At first, I thought of looking for solid references and making an article so scientifically it worried me. In the end, I decided that I’d just write my own opinions and viewpoints of what is the real definition of Australia. In this essay, I will try to state one basic yet complicated problem and link it with the way whether or not we can define Australia concretely. So here it is, Defining Australia in the Perspective of a Non-Australian. Perhaps, in this essay, I’d also explicitly share my thoughts about how the concrete definition of countries in the world can be explained.

One of many basic facts that I know about Australia is that Australian people celebrate Australia Day on 26 January. While this may seem unusual and be treated just like any other countries’ national day, I noticed that this is not the case for some people, or maybe cultural groups, in Australia. As James Walter states, “Press coverage of this day for any year shows uncertainty about both the nature of the ceremony and exactly what it is that is being celebrated” (Walter, 1989 as cited in Whitlock & Carter, 1992). Celebrated annually on 26 January, it marks the anniversary of the 1788 arrival of the First Fleet of British ships at Port Jackson, New South Wales and the raising of the Flag of Great Britain at Sydney Cove by Governor Arthur Phillip. Because it marks the day of colonization, Aboriginal Australians often feel that the celebrations on Australia Day exclude them. So, how is it that we call it “Australia Day” when the day itself does not have a sense of ceremony and of “Australia” that will have meaning for all Australians? This alone is enough to prove that there will not be a concrete definition of Australia.

What I mean by “concrete definition” is an explanation that is acceptable for all people of the country without any exception, one that does not cause conflict or disagreement, as well as one that can be used in all aspects of what make a country a country (its politic, economic, cultural background, etc.). In my opinion, I think it is impossible to create a concrete definition of a country, especially if the country has many different cultural groups that also have different historical backgrounds. Take the Aboriginal Australians, for example. For them, 26 January 1788 was straight-out invasion and it is not something that they should be celebrating about.

Therefore, in the end, there is no right or wrong definitions of what the “real” Australia is. It all depends on the people, on how they see Australia. Even if there are some definitions that can be accepted by the society, I believe it is not a “concrete definition” but rather a definition based on individual aspect of life. For example, the definition of Australia based on its political system, the definition of Australia based on its economic condition or, as Richard White states, the definition of Australia based on what a national identity’s function is, whose creation they are, and whose interests they serve. Australia is not mine or yours or theirs, Australia is not this or that, but Australia, in my own opinion, as long as there is justice and equality for all cultural groups, is a country where the people stand when they are united and fall when they are divided.

What is an accountant? According to the Australian Accountants Directory they are, “a practitioner of accountancy or accounting, which is the measurement, disclosure or provision of assurance about financial information that helps managers, investors, tax authorities and others make decisions about allocating resources”(“About Accountants“). As you may already know, different areas of the world have different professional bodies of accounting.

For example, not every country uses the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA). As the name suggests, that’s only used in the United States. Australia however, has three legally recognized local professional accounting bodies; the institute of public accountants (IPA), CPA Australia (CPA), and the institute of chartered accountants of Australia (ICAA).

The IPA has been around since 1923 and continues to grow in the organization today. After 90 years it currently sits more than 26,000 members and students across 64 countries and is ranked in the top professional accounting bodies in the world (“Institute of Public Accountants“). They acquired a full membership of the International Federation of Accountants (IFAC) in 2005 as well as the Confederation of Asian and Pacific Accountants (CAPA) in 2011. They are really working towards building relationships and exchanging knowledge overseas. They are innovative in everything that they do as they already are recognized as one of the top 20 in BRW’s most innovative companies in Australia list for 2012. The IPA has three levels of membership, Associate (AIPA), Member (MIPA), and Fellow (FIPA). An Associate membership requires one to have an Australian Advanced Diploma of Accounting or a Bachelor’s degree in Accounting that can be Australian or equivalent in nature. MIPA membership requires Australian Advanced Diploma of Accounting, two years of pre-IPA program full-time work experience in accounting or related fields and a mentored experience program. A FIPA membership requires 7 years’ MIPA status or equivalent and 10 years’ experience in accounting the last five years have to be at a senior level (“Institute of Public Accountants“).

According to CPA Australia, they are one of the world’s largest accounting bodies with a global membership of more than 150,000 members working in 120 countries around the world, and with more than 25,000 members working in senior leadership positions (“About Us“). They provide education, training, technical support and advocacy. They were an early entrant in the Asian Market, where their involvement began in the early 1950s and aimed at developing and strengthening the accounting profession in the region. As of today almost one-quarter of CPA Australia’s members reside outside of Australia, with over 35,000 in Asia. They currently have nineteen staffed offices across Australia, China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Vietnam, New Zealand and the UK. To become a member of this program candidates most hold a postgraduate award that is recognized by CPA Australia, and demonstrate competence in the required knowledge areas and, within a six year period, successfully complete the CPA Program (“About Us“). They must also have three years of professional experience in finance, or accounting for business. To offer public accounting services, CPAs must also complete CPA Australia’s Public Practice program, which involves distance learning and a residential component, and must hold a Public Practice Certificate in accordance with the CPA Australia’s by laws.

The ICAA is the professional body representing Chartered Accountants in Australia. They currently have over 50,000 members and 12,000 students(“News and Updates“). In order to become a member of the institute, one has to complete the Chartered Accountants Program which includes study of Graduate diploma in Chartered Accounting (GradDipCA) and three years of practical experience. Entry is available to anyone who holds an accounting degree; however, those holding non-accounting degrees can also be permitted entry after additional requirements are met. If one does become a Chartered Accountant they must complete a total of 120 hours of Continuing Professional Education every three years. The ICAA is a founding member of the Global Accounting Alliance (GAA). Members of this alliance are part of the international accounting coalition of the world’s premier accounting bodies. Chartered Accountants audit 100 percent of the top ASX-listed companies in Australia. They are recognized by the international accounting bodies of the leading financial centers of the world. As of November 2013, the ICAA merged with the New Zealand Institute of Chartered Accountants and are now known as “Chartered Accountants Australia and New Zealand”(“News and Updates“).

Compared to the professional bodies in America the ones in Australia aren’t too different judging from the research. They each go off of the same principals in a sense but there are very few minimal things that are different.

Works Cited

“About Accountants.” Australian Accountants Directory / Australian Accountants Directory / Accountants. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Apr. 2015.

“About Us.” CPA Australia -. N.p., n.d. Web. 03 Apr. 2015.

“Institute of Public Accountants.” Institute of Public Accountants. N.p., n.d. Web. 07 Apr. 2015.

“News and Updates.” Chartered Accountants Australia and New Zealand. N.p., n.d. Web. 05 Apr. 2015.

CeBIT Australia is the biggest and long-running technology exhibition of Asia-Pacific region that redefines, shapes and drives the businesses in the information and technology landscape. It welcomes 300+ technology leaders from across the world. Not only that, it carries a grand conference program for the successive days featuring over 50 experts or visionaries from different fields. With confidence and immersive way of product presentations, a community of like-minded tech experts and professionals comes together in CeBIT event every year. The exhibitors or business delegates are categorised into four groups based on their type of organisation, i.e. Enterprise, government, SMEs, and Start-up. Thus, CeBIT gives the opportunity to all to experience and be a part of such legacy event.

Here’s the sneak peek of the main programs of CeBIT Australia 2018, held from 15th May to 17th May at International Convention Centre in Sydney.

Premier Exhibition

Near about 350+ exhibitors who are tech luminaries from different business and non-business organisations. They exhibit their forward-thinking ideas and promote their immersive digital solutions to a unique audience from Australia as well as overseas nations. Being the decision-makers from big enterprises, SMEs, and government, the exhibitors make sure not to miss out any opportunity to demonstrate their products to 15,000+ visitors in CeBIT and expand their clientele.

Grand Conference Program

Apart from the grandeur exhibition, CeBIT holds conference programs continuously for all the days. Technology leaders from diverse IT fields and directors of big industries are the key speakers who presented thought-provoking concepts and discussions on Big Data, IoT, Cloud computing, AR, AI and on growing challenges in Cybersecurity. Through the conference program, visitors have the opportunity to expand their learning and networking.

Collaboration with like-minded professionals

CeBIT fosters great collaboration between business professionals and technology eminents through illustrative panel discussions, a distinct Start-up zone, Exhibition Networking Drinks and so forth. It comes as a uniform platform, where like-minded people can connect to, interact and share knowledge about the future scenarios of business technology.

CeBIT values the participation of its every exhibitor and helps them grow in the sphere of smart technology. It offers them every possible way to maximise the number of visitors to their individual stands and develop connections with potential clients from around Australia and all other nations. Across its three-day long exhibition, it provides the opportunity to witness some of the breathtaking innovations, interact with 300+ exhibitors, including startups, hear from technology leaders and connect with thousands of business visionaries.

With the recent completion of the Tribunal into Child Sexual Abuse by Institutions there is another equally as important – that of psychological and mental abuse suffered at their hands. As a non-Catholic in a Catholic School my experience was one of sheer horror, as it was for many others. Now as a speaker and promoter of religious origins, not only of that organisation, many ex-Catholics and others have confided to me their experiences.

Overwhelmingly their pain and suffering due to Church policies and teachings have seen children cast out of homes and even fleeing their countries. One gentleman, in particular, spoke of how he was flogged for being gay at age of puberty. Another spoke of fleeing his country when at 14 he set out on his own and eventually migrated to Australia. He could no longer tolerate the divisive and discriminatory attitude of people around him.

Being homosexual is not something most people choose but it is as natural as anything else. My memory of reincarnation demonstrate how it happens. As a man in my last life and a woman in this one my early life was a tussle between acceptance of my new body while missing the strength and power of the last one.

This is something religion blocks out. The Catholic Church banned reincarnation in the 5th CAD, which followed in other systems where heaven and hell are weapons that force people into acceptance of their misguided tenets.

Religion is powerful and the greatest force behind governments. People conditioned into the lies from birth or because they cannot think logically are prone to accept the teachings. That means stories that people who do not belong or who think differently are of the devil and will take anyone who associates with them to hell are commonplace.

This is the power behind terrorism and it has always been the case. Islam started in Babylon with the Amor who are written of in ancient texts as animalistic in their treatment of others. They invaded, enslaved, murdered, and performed horrendous acts on others as we see happening today at the hands of terrorists.

The Amor built Roma (Rome), reverse Amor, and amore’ in Italian is ‘love’. As the Romans one of their descendants, Constantine, established the Catholic Church in 325 AD and Mary is the Mother God of Babylon. It was the name of the sun and it means ‘mother’s powerful eye’. The Emperor reinstated it as the Mother of God.

She is described as ‘BABYLON THE GREAT AND MOTHER OF HARLOTS’ in Revelation 17:5 because from the same source came the daughter religions spawned of it. ‘Mary’ is the origin of ‘marry’ and men died on crosses to wed ‘her’.

The research into their origin proves that the psychological and mental abuse suffered at the hands of religious institutions is a crime. It is based on fiction and ancient thinking and should be looked into and banned.

Usually when you think about Australia, the last thing that comes up in your mind is wine. But don`t be fooled, Australia has some of the best and most awarded wines worldwide. So, now it`s time to dig a little deeper into the wine shelves and find what Australian wines and what the wine region is all about.

Wine is produced in every state, with more than 60 designated wine regions totalling approximately 160,000 hectares; however, Australia`s wine regions are mainly in the southern, cooler parts of the country, with vineyards located in South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria, Western Australia, Tasmania and Queensland. The wine regions in each of these states produce different wine varieties and styles that take advantage of the particular Terroir such as: climatic differences, topography and soil types. With the major varieties being predominantly Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Merlot, Semillon, Pinot noir, Riesling, and Sauvignon blanc.

The three most influential regions are New South Wales, South Australia and Victoria. South Australia and New South Wales are most famous for the varieties that are suited to warm climate vines such as Shiraz and Cabernet Sauvignon, and Victoria known for the cool climate loving Pinot-Noir.

The largest vine growing region is South Australia, and Adelaide is the central wine production area. Located a few kilometres from Adelaide is Barossa Valley, South Australia`s most prestigious growing area. This region is unique because isolated from the rest of the world, which means that there are fewer diseases to the plants, thus resulting with some of the oldest living vineyards in the world. There are around 150 wineries and cellar doors in the Barossa Valley. Half of the cellar doors are open to the public, but most of the others happily open by appointment. Many conduct tours of their estates and wine-making facilities. The magic of Barossa Valley`s world-acclaimed wines lies in the diversity of its growing conditions. The Eden Valley produces distinctive cool-climate wine varieties; while the region`s flagship shiraz is grown in the warmer, low-lying areas. The Barossa Valley is also renowned for its fresh seasonal produce, artisan food producers and award-winning restaurants.

The major production in New South Wales comes from the inland Big Rivers Zone. This area has historically produced much of the commercial Chardonnay and Shiraz from Australia. However, because of severe drought in recent years, more wine grape growers are experimenting with drought friendly varieties like Tempranillo and Verdelho. The Hunter Valley located in NSW is Australia`s oldest wine growing region where you`ll find more than 150 wineries producing world-class wines.

Commercial winemaking in North West Victoria makes up the majority of wine production in the entire region. However, the growing areas of interest are cooler and closer to Melbourne such as Mornington Peninsula and Yarra Valley. The cool climate areas in Victoria have received a lot of praise for their Pinot Noir.

It is very obvious that when you want to settle in vibrant countries like Canada or Australia, you are keen to have your visa processed at a faster pace. In case of the temporary visas, you can do nothing but depend upon the employer to complete his job related formalities. But, when it comes to processing of permanent residency visas, the ball is always in your court. Permanent resident visas of these countries are issued considering the points applicant can score under respective immigration system. These points are often affected by time, age, work experience, education, spouse skills etc., and these factors eventually effect the success of the visa application. To ensure that your process is smooth and at a faster pace, here are three most important tips to be followed.

Tip No. 1: Apply at the right time-

It may seem astonishing to read but time is certainly a crucial factor in PR visa application. Under the time factor, application can be affected in the following manners:

• Age: At the time of your application, if you are young you are more successful. This is because these countries have a high demand for professionals who are young (preferably 18yrs-25 yrs). Hence, to settle in Canada or Australia by getting yourself a higher preference and also great career prospects, apply when you are in your most demanded age range.
• Peak Months: According to research, the best time to apply for Australia immigration is in the months of February and July. These two months are considered peak time for submitting Australia immigration. It is said that often applications during these peak months are associated with higher success results.
• Intake Periods: Several provinces or States migration programs of each country have specific intake periods of PNP/State nomination applications. Keeping the nomination applications ready before these intake periods often results in quicker intake, improving chances for a quick visa.

Tip No. 2: Boost your CRS Score-

You may be aware of the fact that Canada & Australia have an immigration system that operates through a points based structure. Candidate’s eligibility as well as success for an international permanent residency status majorly depends on how well he can score under the points based system. If you believe that your score is hindering the success of your application, here are some ways by which you can improve your points.

• Improve qualification: To improve your score, the best and easiest thing you can do is improve your qualification. If you a graduate, a higher degree will eventually increase your score and preferences for selection. Likewise, any certification or diploma that boosts your nominated occupations will also be a good step towards a score improvement.
• Enhance work experience: Highest work experience candidates get good points under Canada and Australia’s points based system. If you have a chance to improve your work experience before your application or while your application is in process, go ahead, work hard and update. This may eventually increase your score and chances for a quicker visa.
• Re-attempt IELTS: To become an international permanent resident, applicants must prove their proficiency level in the English language. For this IELTS is mandatory. As an applicant, if your IELTS score is what is delaying the process or getting you less score, re-attempt your IELTS. The best suggestion for improved results is to go for an expert help in preparation for IELTS.
• Include Partner Skills: If your spouse or common law partner is accompanying your immigration, it is best to include his/her skills in the application, provided that she/he is eligible. This is because PR visa applicants are allotted with additional points for partner skills and this eventually increases points.
• Try State/Province Nomination: If you meet the eligibility requirements of a respective State or Province, applying for a State Nomination increase will increase your points and also boost your chance for quick visa success.

Tip No. 3: Get Expert Assistance-

Despite all your efforts, if you are still unable to fetch those great points to buck-up your process, then you may missing something that only an expert eye can catch. Get in touch with your city’s best immigration experts and get counseled about the aspects that will help you in your application. Since immigration experts are up-to date and have hands on experience in processing thousands of visa cases, they will help you analyze the loopholes of your case (if any) and show you ways towards a quicker success.

Australia, the land famous for serenity and less concrete has often been considered the first preference for vacation and a short term leisure stay. But, with the increasing developments and the sky touching skylines, this land is now idealized as a dream home for many Indian families. In hunt for better prospects and a lavish lifestyle, nearly 5 lakh Indians file for a visa to Australia each year and strive on their luck for a successful Australia immigration.

Why Australia for long-time stay?

For Indians, Australia is a perfect place to dwell. When you move to Australia, no matter whichever state or territory you choose to relocate, the Australia crowd gives you their best support to make the place comfortable. Certainly, they provide all support to make you feel the place homely.

Another good reason for Indians to consider Australia is the Australian government. Along with its citizens, the government of Australia makes the place perfect to dwell, without any restrictions or constraints. The government has designed a visa program by which professionals with skills and good caliber can move to the country and enjoy all rights equal to that of citizens. This visa program is called Permanent Residency.

Upon gaining this permanent residency status, the government makes it even easier and cozy for professionals by offering long term stay and work rights, free education for kids, free medical and healthcare for entire family and most importantly, marks PR holders as high priority for best profile jobs.

Moreover, on completion of four years of successful stay in Australia, the Australian government provides PR holders a benefit of extending their stay by applying for Australian citizenship.

What is a Permanent Resident Visa?

A Permanent Resident Visa is an official permit issued to eligible candidates to stay, work and settle in Australia without any restriction. If you have successfully obtained this visa, then there are plenty of benefits you would be enjoying as Australian permanent residents. Depending upon your eligibility criteria and source of Australia immigration, you can apply for any of the following visa programs:

Skilled Independent Visa (subclass 189)– If you believe that you have high skills, apt work experience and best core human capital factors, you can gain PR through this visa.

Skilled Nominated Visa (subclass 190)– If you believe that you have skills that meet the requirements of a specific Australian state, you can apply for a state nomination through this visa.

Skilled Regional (Provisional) Visa (subclass 489)– If you have any relative residing in any region of Australia and wishes to sponsor you, you can apply for PR under this program.

Skilled Recognized Graduate Visa (subclass 476)– If you are fresh Engineering graduate with no work experience, you can initially apply for a visa grant under this program followed by Australia PR in future.

Is Australia PR visa easy for you?

Certainly it is; provided that you have an age less than 40 years, a Bachelors degree, minimum of two years work experience in an occupation listed on the Skilled Occupation List of Australia and good English language skills. All these factors are considered and under standardized points based grid of Australia, scores are calculated. If your calculation reaches to up to 60 points, then you have all rights to apply for the Australia PR visa.

Since Australia immigration works by a method of Points Based Immigration System, you need to calculate your score in order to know whether PR is for you or not. In this regard, it is best advised that an expert help is taken for accurate and time-friendly results.

What process does it take to get Australia PR?

To apply for a direct Australia PR visa, it involves a 7 stage flexible process. Have a look at the overview of the Australia PR process structure:

· Skills Assessment: skills are assessed as per Australian standard

· Expression of Interest: online profile with all details about you must be created

· Pool of Applications: profile lands into a pool and assessed against others based on score

· Invitation to Apply: profiles with highest scores set for the time are issued an ITA

· DIBP Application: 90 days time is given to make final PR application along with PR fee

· Medicals and PCC: Health documents and evidence of moral character must be produced

· Visa Approval: Upon verification and approval, visa is issued to you

When you are planning to migrate to Australia from India, it is important that you stay thorough of the process, recent rule changes and visa policies. If you are unable to stay informed in this aspect, you can take help of any of the best Australia immigration consultants in India.

What could be an added advantage to your PR application?

Job Offer-Job offer from any reputed Australian employer boosts chances for a quick PR. If you have an arranged job offer, you are regarded as first preference for PR.

Accompanying Spouse- Incorporating an eligible spouse can help you increase your points on the application. This gives way to a quicker ITA.

State Nomination- Being nominated by a State is the highest advantage of all. This not only increases chances for quicker visa but also enhances your impression for Australian job opportunities.

OnePlus has become one of the best mobile phone manufacturing companies worldwide. They are using the latest hardware components in their latest flagships to compete with the major giants in this industry. Most importantly, their prices are slightly better than its competitors in the market. OnePlus 6 is a prime example of this. With having cutting-edge technology, premium quality design, exceptional cameras, and amazing price, it is one of the best flagships of the recent times.

The OnePlus 6 has been appreciated in the Australian market as well, but we are still finding when it will launch officially in Australia. In this article, you will get familiar with all the necessary details regarding OnePlus 6 prices, specifications, and Australian release.

OnePlus 6 Specifications

As far as OnePlus 6 design is concerned, it is almost identical to the recently released Oppo R15. On the other hand, it also has a notch display, just like we saw in the Apple’s iPhone X.

The device comes with a 6.28-inch large OLED display that is dedicated to providing Full HD resolution. Although screen resolution is not up to today’s flagship standards, but still pretty good with 19:9 larger screen ratio and a notch.

Unfortunately, OnePlus 6 is not a complete water-resistant handset. And you must be careful while using the device under water.

The premium phone includes up to 8GB of RAM to support the Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 system on the chip. The 64GB variant has 6GB of RAM, whereas the 256GB and 128GB variants come with 8GB of RAM, which is ideal to achieve an ultimate performance.

In terms of camera, OnePlus 6 offers a dual 16MP+20MP camera with 1.7 larger aperture and dual LED Flash. This way, you will get more clear and vibrant pictures in any lighting and weather conditions. Not only this, the device also has a 16MP premium quality Selfie camera on the front to achieve highest quality selfies. With f/2.0 aperture and 1080 video recording, you can shoot High Definition photos and videos.

Here is the quick rundown of the OnePlus 6 mobile phone specs:

• Display: 6.28-inch Optic AMOLED touchscreen
• Resolution: Full HD (2160×1080)
• Aspect Ratio: 19:9
• Pixel Density: 402ppi
• Protection: Corning Gorilla Glass 5
• Processor: Qualcomm Snapdragon 845 Octa-core
• GPU: Adreno 630
• RAM: 6GB/8GB
• Operating System: Android 8.1 with Oxygen OS
• Rear Camera: Dual 16MP+20MP with dual LED flash
• Front-facing Camera: 16MP
• Storage: 64/128/256GB
• Battery: 3300mAh Li-Po (Non-Removable)
• Connectivity: Wi-Fi 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac, dual-band, Wi-Fi Direct, hotspot
• Bluetooth Version: Bluetooth 5.0
• Sensors: Fingerprint, accelerometer, gyro, proximity, compass
• Available Colors: Silk White, Sandstone Black
• Weight: 175 grams

OnePlus 6 Availability in Australia

Limited Number of OnePlus 5 devices were available in Australia via soft launch, but no official release for the OnePlus 5T. Unfortunately, OnePlus 6 Australian launch is still on hold. And there is no date confirmation when it will hit the local market.

As far as the actual global release is concerned, it took place on 17th of May 2018. The device went on Sale on 22th of May in various parts of the world, and it is now available from a range of direct importers including Amazon Australia.

OnePlus 6 Price in Australia

The OnePlus 6 price in Australia will depend on the selected variant. The basic variant with 6GB RAM and 64GB onboard memory sells for AU$753. For the 8GB RAM and 128GB variant, it will cost you around AU$853, while the 8GB RAM and 256GB variant will cost you around AU$950.

Australia is a choice destination for overseas qualified nurses, as it offers the opportunity to work in a highly regarded professional community in one of the most beautiful countries in the world, where they can have an enviable lifestyle and really enjoy the work that they do.

To work as a nurse in Australia, there are several routes that can be explored. Nursing degrees from a few countries and colleges abroad are recognised here, and for graduates from these colleges, registration is a simple process. They should get their education documents verified, and also give proof of their identity and experience, after which they can get registration to work as a nurse in the country.

Nurses who have obtained their qualifying degrees in countries that are not on this approved list must demonstrate proof of their abilities by undertaking accredited competency assessment courses in Australia. They should give references of their previous work experience, and should have minimum levels of English proficiency as shown by their scores in an approved English language test such as OET or IELTS. They may also be required to undertake a Bridging program that can bring them up to speed with the healthcare environment in the country, and should show proof of their level of knowledge and skills so that they can practice safely and confidently in Australia. This process can take anywhere between 3 months to one and a half years.

All nurses (overseas or domestic) must be registered with a State Nursing Board in Australia. The prerequisites before the registration will depend on their present level of competence or experience. Some nurses may require additional training, whereas for others a complete retraining may be required in the form of a University Bachelor’s Degree. The IRON course (Initial Registration for Overseas Registered Nurses) is accredited by the Australian Nursing and Midwifery Accreditation Council (ANMAC) and is a bridging program for nurses entering Australia. For all such training which will be undertaken in Australian educational institutions and hospitals, a student visa is required.

Those who wish to start their career at a lower level than that of an Enrolled or Registered Nurse can choose to undertake entry level courses that do not require any previous experience or training, such as a Certificate III in Individual Support (Aged Care or Disabled Care), or a Certificate III in Health Services Assistance. They can start their career as a member of a team within a hospital or clinic, and can work their way upwards by doing a Diploma of Nursing which will qualify them to become an Enrolled Nurse after successfully completing the course and obtaining registration with AHPRA. Those who are interested in the administrative side of hospitals can get started with a Certificate III in Health Administration, and manage the administrative work in a healthcare environment, from where they can work their way upwards in the management sector.

Whichever is the pathway you decide to undertake, you will have to be well versed in clinical competencies as well as theoretical knowledge. During the course of your study, you will have to take part in clinical rotations in multiple healthcare settings and will get hands-on experience.

As a nurse in Australia, you can make a real difference to the lives of people in your community, and you will be respected and highly regarded. Good luck in your career!

For a very long time, Australia had depended solely on the export of its resources for economic growth. Even though the mining revenue reached its saturation, Aussies didn’t lose confidence in reviving their economy. The last few years has seen Australian economy make a drastic shift from resources to service based sectors. Among the several service industries, the one that no one expected to flourish at a fast pace was the commercial cleaning industry.

With the mushrooming of several corporations and industries in Australia, the demand for commercial cleaning services too has increased. In Australia, the contract cleaning sector employs around 60,000 employees every year. The cleaning industry is expected to grow at a rate of 1.5% in the next five years catapulting it into a $4.8 billion industry by 2019.

Sydney, Victoria, Melbourne and New South Wales are some of the cities in Australia where commercial cleaning services are predominant. Sydney especially has the most number of commercial cleaners and franchisees. The commercial cleaners in Sydney have had steady and flourishing businesses, thanks to the numerous small and large firms, healthcare facilities, government and educational institutions operating in the area. The commercial cleaning services in Sydney also cater to companies ranging from multimillion-dollar Australian firms and overseas-owned firms to private households.

Cleaning Associations In Australia

There are two major cleaning organisations in Australia – the Australian Contract Cleaning Association (ACCA) founded in 1964 (this is the topmost Association) and the Australian Cleaning Contractors’ Alliance founded in 2001. The ACCA has offices all over the country. Both these organisations are member-based and offer immense benefits for the cleaning companies in Australia.

Why Is There A Huge Demand For Cleaning Services In Australia?

Commercial firms and institutions outsource the cleaning job to save time and focus more on their work. Cost-effectiveness is also a significant reason for hiring commercial cleaners in Sydney. A rise in the number of ageing residents and dual income’s, have created a huge demand for residential cleaning services. The vast distribution of commercial, industrial and retail operators located across Australia has established an extensive client base for cleaning services.

Creating Employment Opportunities in Australia

Although cleaning is not a terrible or tough job, the residential and commercial cleaning sector continuous to be a $4 billion economy annually. Since there is no need for any professional qualifications for entry-level employees, this industry has created vast opportunities for workers. The cleaning industry in Australia is one of the largest employers who employee people of all ages and from diverse ethnic backgrounds. The cleaning companies maintain the quality of their services and professionalism by providing sufficient training to their staff.

The productivity and efficiency of this Australian industry rank the highest and best on a global scale. Compared to the US average for commercial sites of 400 square metres, the Australian average is 800 square metres which is also higher than in European countries. And this efficiency in the rates in Australia is a result of the in-house training which prevents a reduction in the service quality.