The relation of music and learning is a frequent research topic. Studies show that listening or playing can have an impact positively to the brain. Studies show music engages the brain and teaches learning content. Maximizing the relationship between learning and music helps in popping ear buds or cranking a boom box. Music is not any push play and there are meaningful ways of incorporating music as best practices.

Musical Mindfulness

The powerful and direct impact music has is its ability to regulate emotional responses. There is the right combination of environment, volume, and purpose, that music is the center for learning and works as a de-stresser. Music allows students to calm themselves in an effective way so that outside noise is blocked and a focal point is created.

Drop the beat

Rhythm is undeniable and there are chances that the body responds in a physical way. The positive impacts on the mind and the body adds a kinesthetic component. It incorporates motion and rhythm creating a multi-sensory experience that is productive even for students struggling with attention and focus. Putting into practice ways such as:

• Students recorded and rehearsed an album of facts and rapped the instrumental records.
• Students prepared with rhythm exercises for academic engagement and considered the response.
• Students turned the definitions and vocabulary into rhythmic phrases.

Educational Tunes

Music may be an ideal method to deliver new knowledge. Education music is an easier way of learning and remembering that it is being used since long as an educational programming integral part. Educational music has the ubiquity of streaming video and audio content that there are options available to educators that introducing a concept or finding musical examples is a great option.

The psychological hooks activate multiple brain areas and make it easier to enjoy with musical memory that recalling or applying becomes easier.

Use Songs to Tell Story

The music tells a story of circumstance or time. Seeking out music brings a moment to life. The link of emotion and music helps in drawing out contributions and ideas that may never have come to surface. Music activates brain and adds a degree of authenticity and life, presenting a beautiful learning experience.

Add Music Creation as Student Choice

The powerful ways of incorporating music into the learning experience of students refers to teaching them to create self music. Asking students to organize using the knowledge helps in demonstrating that is learned and in creating a musical tool. There are endless ways in music that helps transforming learning and focus.

The rules of online hotel marketing have been changing for a few years now in the hospitality industry is no brainer. OTAs, Metasearch sites, destination sites and tools like last-minute booking apps/mobile apps are so numerous that the average traveller uses more than a dozen sites before making an online booking. Do not ignore the fact that travellers often switch between mobile phone, laptop, iPad, etc. to research and make a travel reservation. Hotel Revenue Management tools have minimized these challenges to a great extent.

Traveller’s changing purchasing behavior, accompanied by increased access to online/mobile travel tools, provide both a challenge and an opportunity for the hoteliers. The all above mentioned platforms provide real-time data with more minute details, about the consumer’s online journey. Hence, justifies all the reasons why every hotel should start tracking prices on mobile app also.

Increased use of smartphones, all time deal-hungry consumers, last-minute booking apps on mobile and penalty-free reservations have made the competition tougher in the hotel industry. These are just a few of the factors why travelers are now booking hotels closer and closer to their check-in date. According to most experts and recent data, booking lead times have compressed dramatically.

If your hotel constantly shrinks prices on these last-minute bookings you are forgoing a lot from your revenue kitty, especially those booked on OTAs you are losing even more by paying high third-party commissions.

However, there are ways to deal with this new trend of the rapidly shrinking booking window:

Stop worrying, use it to your best advantage

Instead of bothering about shrinking booking windows, hoteliers should start focusing on how to convert this to their best advantage. Strategize on how to convert your best prospects faster with a dynamic reservation recovery campaign.

Findings have shown that millions of travellers with long booking windows are ignored frequently by hoteliers at the very chance of them converting into a customer.

Pay special attention to prospects who had already visited your website and searched for inventory on dates that coincide with your periods of low business.

This could prove to be a substantial opportunity to re-engage with the lost prospects, convert them to bookings and improve the days that suffer from extremely short booking windows! Have more direct booking and save money spent on commission.

Know the occupancy forecast

An efficient revenue management tool can easily provide you forecast for every check in date. Equipped with this, you can easily identify the days/weeks that cause low ADRs and occupancy and accordingly define your pricing strategy.

Captures the Email Addresses of the website visitor for re-targeting

Once an online prospect searches for a room on their selected dates, it will require them to input their email address in the booking process. That way, you now have the contact info necessary to retarget them if they abandon their booking midway.

Send customized offers

After a prospect abandons a booking, follow up with them with a specific offer email with a personalized greeting that thanks them for considering your property and offers a time-limited incentive for booking your hotel directly. Certainly, these offers cut your net room revenue, still less than the commissions you pay on OTA or other sources of last minute bookings.

Reward the visitors who have shown their willingness to book with you or nearly completed a booking in a targeted period; you can close more bookings sooner. Hence lessening the short-booking window apprehensions.

One horse racing handicapping factor that is often overlooked is a horse’s workouts. Workouts or “works,” as they are often called, refers to timed runs on the race track. Works are almost exclusively performed in the morning and professional clockers time the horses and identify them. The purpose of these exercises is to condition the horse and sometimes trainers use them to determine the fitness of a horse.

Bullet works refers to the fastest workout of the day at the distance. The distance of workouts may vary from three furlongs to over a mile, though they usually are for three to five furlongs. Horses sometimes start their workout from the gate or work in company (with other horses). Clockers also sometimes make comments that give a little more information to the handicappers who use those comments and workout information to evaluate the horses.

In spite of the importance and wealth of information about the horses many handicappers don’t trust workouts as a tool or simply don’t know how to use them. The best way to get the most from workouts is to consider them along with other factors to arrive at a conclusion about fitness and what the trainer’s next move may be. For example, let’s say that you notice that a horse just had a very fast three furlong workout after several disappointing races. In today’s race there is a note that the trainer is adding blinkers to the horse. Since you didn’t see the workout you don’t know for sure, but you suspect that the trainer put the blinkers on for that workout and it did indeed make a difference in the horse’s speed.

Other handicappers will see that the horse will wear blinkers for the first time, but those who don’t pay attention to workout times may miss the connection between the fast workout and the addition of blinkers which often help a horse to focus on running and result in a better improvement. While they try to quantify the result of the blinkers you will already have a pretty good idea of what they will do for the horse’s performance. Therefore, you may rate the horse higher in your calculations and accept a lower price on the odds board. While they steer clear of the horse you accept lower odds and the horse wins.

They missed a winner that you managed to cash on simply because they couldn’t interpret the effect of the equipment change. That’s only one example and there are many more ways to use workouts along with other factors to handicap a horse race.

Have you ever gathered together a group your customers, vendors, and employees and unveiled a new plan that involves change? How much pushback did you receive? Was your reception warm and exciting or did you see a sea of wide-eyed stares staring back at you? Fear of the unknown can be gripping. Venturing into uncharted waters and anticipating the unexpected can cause people to freeze, become stagnant, and simply shut down.

The secret to managing change in your business is to manage the anticipated fear of who will be affected by the change. Great leaders have the ability to distill the perceived notion that all change is bad. Change is good. And ongoing stages of change are crucial to a company’s success. Your job as a leader is to dig deeply into the reasons your audience perceives the change as negative, and then take the necessary steps to ensure that they have the tools to successfully navigate the change.

As John Kottler talks about in his book, “Leading Change,” people exit the comfortable and enter the uncomfortable during change. Doesn’t sound very inviting, does it? People resist change because it opens the gateway to the unknown, and they don’t understand the need to change. What they did the old way worked, so why change it? They believe that the price they have to pay to make the changes exceeds the their perceived value of the reward.

Imagine a typical office setting where the manager comes in and moves an employee’s desk six inches. The manager tells the employee that he needs to make room for another desk; a new employee is starting tomorrow. Depending on how well this employee deals with change, she may not think twice about the slight desk shift. Or she may feel threatened that a new employee is coming in and will take over her job duties. It is your role as a leader and manager to create an environment where there is no fear – where change is managed effectively. The faster you change to the “known,” the better. Always communicate the reason for the change, even if your audience doesn’t agree with it as they will accept the change faster if they are made aware versus being surprised. Reiterate how important these individuals are to your team and the success of the future. Create confidence in those affected by the change, whether it’s a customer, vendor, or employee. Lastly, focus on the results and talk about the benefits and rewards. When you stop changing, you stop improving.

As Kotter guides, here are a few ways to lead change successfully:

o Talk about past successes with your group – Give your customers and employees examples of previous changes that you have made and how they were successful. Did you change a product line to include something that seemed different at the time but then became the product that everyone wanted? Did you add new sales people to your team from outside of the industry that brought in new ideas that others learned from? Did a marketing campaign deliver good results?

o Review the “outside world” factors that influenced your decision to make change – Examine the market and offer facts with a competitive analysis of where the business is now and how it relates to the rest of the industry and your competitors. Discuss how you will avoid crisis by anticipating it, and instead look for major opportunities to capitalize on.

o Empower others to lead the change – Ask for participants and form a group or team to lead the change. This key step empowers people to feel involved and in control of the process of change and helps to distill fears of the unknown.

o Create and communicate your vision so you empower people to act – Having a clear, concrete vision allows your team to understand where change is guiding them. However, if you have a great idea but don’t “market it,” the fear of the unknown still exists. Develop your strategies for achieving the vision and then shout it out at every chance you get! Use whatever means you have to communicate your vision, through group meetings, employee and customer e-newsletters, conference calls, one-on-one sessions – any means you have to spread the word. Then empower everyone to think outside the box, to take risks by presenting non-traditional ideas, activities and actions.

o Plan for short-term wins and recognize those who are a part of those successes – Once you have put change in motion, create improvements. Then recognize and reward those who were responsible for making the improvements. This will ultimately empower others to do the same.

o Refine the vision when necessary – Change your systems and policies as your vision for change evolves and eliminate those that won’t successfully support the objective. Refine your team as well and continue to articulate the reason for the change and how it will ultimately lead to success for all.

Leading change is more about suppressing the fears of others about unanticipated events on the horizon. To minimize fear, involve all people whom the change will affect and constantly communicate your vision. It’s important that people see your need for change as an urgent one based on the economic times. But when the time comes, it’s critical that you, as the leader, manage your team through the change process. As the world becomes a faster place in which we work, change management becomes even more critical. It’s your role to successfully lead your team to new heights.

There are about 18 hotels near Times Square New York. These hotels are located within 200 meters (0.1 mile) from Times Square, the most happening place in New York City. In this article, we will compares the 2011 prices of these hotels.

All prices listed here are average room rates in USD for standard room (including taxes and fees). The room rates may vary depending on your actual dates of stay and the travel site you book the room from. At end of the article, you will also find some tips on how to easily compare the hotel prices from over 100 major hotels booking sites.

Here we go, the 18 hotels near Times Square New York City, sorted by their distances from Times Square.

1. Doubletree Guest Suites Times Square (Nearest)

Distance: 0km

Price: $335 per night (Standard Queen Suite)

2. Millennium Broadway Hotel

Distance: 0km

Price: $288 per night

3. Marriott Hotel Marquis New York City

Distance: 0.1km (Yes, you need to walk a few steps)

Price: $255 per night

4. Casablanca Hotel New York

Distance: 0.1 km(West 43rd Street)

Price: $333 per night.

5. Premier Hotel New York City

Distance: 0.1 km(West 44th Street)

Price: $366 per night.

6. The Chatwal Hotel New York (Most Luxurious)

Distance: 0.2 km(West 44th Street)

Price: $456 per night.

7. AKA Times Square Apartments

Distance: 0.2 km(Same row at Chatwal on West 44th Street)

Price: $317 per night.

8. Night Hotel New York City

Distance: 0.2 km(West 45th Street)

Price: $266 per night.

9. Comfort Inn Times Square

Distance: 0.1 km(West 46th Street)

Price: $230 per night.

10. The Muse Hotel New York City (Most Popular)

Distance: 0.1 km(West 46th Street)

Price: $304 per night.

11. Room Mate Grace Hotel New York (Second Most Popular)

Distance: 0.2 km(West 45th Street)

Price: $190 per night.

12. Big Apple Hostel New York City (CHEAPEST, but it is a hostel)

Distance: 0.2 km(West 45th Street)

Price: $47 per night

13. W Hotel Times Square

Distance: 0.2 km(Broadway)

Price: $452 per night.

14. Hotel Mela New York

Distance: 0.2 km(W 44th Street)

Price: $227 per night.

15. Stay Hotel New York City

Distance: 0.2 km(47th Street)

Price: $255 per night.

16. Carter Hotel New York (Second Cheapest)

Distance: 0.2 km(West 43th Street)

Price: $89 per night

17. Edison Hotel New York (Third Cheapest)

Distance: 0.2 km(W 47th Street)

Price: $150 per night

18. St. James Hotel Times Square

Distance: 0.2 km(W 45th Street)

Price: $220 per night.

As you can see, there are plenty of choice if you are looking for hotels near Times Square. As mentioned earlier, the price may fluctuate for different dates during the year. It is essential that you get a quote for the actual dates of stay for the hotel of your choice.

All the 18 hotels near Times Square listed above can be booked through major travel booking sites, including top brands such as Expedia, Last Minute Rooms and Travelocity. However, prices quoted by these booking sites may vary significantly. Some sites could offer cheaper price as they order in bulk.

Therefore, you should make an effort to compare the price among these booking sites before booking. It is easier than you might have thought. You can use a hotel search engine which automatically search over 100 top hotel booking sites to compare and find the cheapest room rates. A video tutorial to do this is available on youtube.

That’s it. I hope you will enjoy your stay at one of the hotels near Times Square. Choose the right hotel that fit your budget. Compare the deals from different booking sites and save some money on hotel booking. Have an awesome trip to New York!

New York’s hustle and bustle seems to revolve around activities and venues that are within close proximity to Times Square, the legendary hot spot in the Big Apple – which makes reserving a New York hotel room in Times Square the best way to spend your time in New York. You may recognize Times Square from ABC’s Good Morning America – which films in Times Square – and it is in Times Square that MTV Studios is located, as well as where The Late Show with David Letterman has taped for well over a decade now. The theater district in New York begins in Times Square, and there are dozens of comedy clubs (like the infamous Caroline’s) and restaurants in the Square (like Carmine’s, Mars 2112, and the Jekyll and Hyde Club) – but the Times Square hotels really steal the show.

There are dozens of hotels located in and around Times Square. One of the most popular is the Ameritania Hotel, located in midtown Manhattan, just a few yards away from the Late Show with David Letterman, the Ed Sullivan Theater, Central Park, the Lincoln Center, and Carnegie Hall. Richly appointed guests rooms are well-equipped with every amenity that will make your stay in this New York hotel one for the memory books. You’ll also find a coffee shop, lounge, and health club on the site, and everything that the Ameritania offers is delivered with impeccable service.

The Amsterdam Court Hotel is located in the theater district four blocks away from Times Square. Staying at the Amsterdam gives you subway access to other parts of the city just around the corner, which means that any area of New York that you want to explore is just moments away. Decorated in Nouveau Art with gloriously appointed furnishings, guests of the Amsterdam are a unique mix of leisure and business travelers who enjoy the many amenities that are offered at this New York hotel, as well as the friendly and helpful staff.

The Casablanca Hotel takes its inspiration from the movie of the same name, and features forty-eight lavishly appointed guest suites. It is here that you’ll find Rick’s Café which offers entertainment from daylight to well after dark, and an outdoor courtyard (a rarity among New York hotels) provides the perfect back drop for quiet evenings reminiscent to those spent by Humphrey Bogart in the original Casablanca movie. If you appreciate attention to detail, sophisticated surroundings and personal attentiveness from staff, you are in for a true delight at the Casablanca.

Another great choice for staying in Times Square is the Hilton Garden Inn, which is located within walking distance (three blocks) of Radio City Music Hall, Rockefeller Center, Fifth Avenue and Broadway. You’ll find spacious comforts within the Hilton’s guests rooms, and extra conveniences like a mini-refrigerator, microwave and coffee maker, alongside high speed Internet for connecting while away on your trip. The Hilton also has its own French restaurant that is open around the clock, everyday of the week, along with a gift shop, fitness center, convenience store and concierge desk with ATM outlet.

Another great hotel located in this area is the Sheraton New York Hotel and Towers, which is located centrally on Times Square in order to give you the best access to everything that New York has to offer. Walk into the Sheraton Times Square and you’ll get a glimpse of the finery which begins in the lobby, which is done in Italian marble and leather, and continues into the guest suites and rooms that have been recently renovated. The Sheraton also offer a huge fifty foot indoor pool that is located just across the street at its sister hotel, the Sheraton Manhattan – which is a rare find in New York (most New York hotels do not have pools, due to the limited space in the city).

These are just a few of the New York hotels that you will find in the Times Square area – there are dozens more in every price range from economy to ultra luxury.

As human beings, we are continually faced with challenges, difficulties and temporary setbacks. They are an unavoidable aspect of being human. By learning how to manage stress and respond with a positive attitude to each challenge, we’ll grow as a person and start moving forward in life. In fact, without those setbacks, we could not learn what you need to know and develop the qualities to where we are today.

It is natural to us to react emotionally when our expectations are frustrated in any way. When something we wanted and hoped for fails to materialize, we feel a temporary sense of disappointment and unhappiness.

The optimistic person, however, knows how to manage stress in difficult situations and soon moves beyond this disappointment. Responding quickly to the adverse event and interprets it as being temporary, the optimist responds with a positive attitude, knows how to manage stress and counter the negative feelings by immediately reframing the event to turn into a positive one. Whenever you have a difficulty, immediately reframe it, choose to view it as a challenge, and start moving forward. Challenge is inherently positive. It is something that makes you stronger and better.

The best way to maintain a positive attitude and manage stress is to turn it into an opportunity. When you are faced with a difficulty of any kind, faced with an unexpected opportunity. Neutralize any negative thoughts or emotions by speaking to yourself positively all the time.

You must learn to manage stress and survive above the difficulties in order to be a better person. Welcome each difficulty and then look into the situation to find the good in it. Start moving forward in life by keeping your thoughts on your goals, dreams, and on the person, you are working toward becoming. When things go wrong temporarily, resolve to maintain a positive attitude, be cheerful, and resist every temptation toward negativity and disappointment. View disappointment as an opportunity to grow stronger and wiser.

It’s very easy to be dragged down by the stress and pressure of everyday life. Once you feel really down, it’s even easier to stay there, beaten and tired, muddling from day-to-day. The choice to live your life with a more positive attitude is always the right choice. But it is a choice that will take work and time.

Focus on what you do have rather than what you could have, you can decrease the amount of time you spend wishing and increase the time you spend appreciating the things that are happening in your life. But sometimes, this can lead to the things in life becoming mundane and harder to appreciate. Shaking up this pattern should help you to break up the routine and see your life in a new light.

Par times are speed figures or actual times that the average winner wins with in a particular class and distance of race. For instance, a 6 furlong $10,000 claiming event for 4 year olds and up might have a par of 1:10, meaning one minute and ten seconds and a par of 88 (speed figure). The speed figure may be a Beyer speed figure or another method may be used to calculate it using proprietary software.

They are also used for fractions or segments of the race as well, such as a par of 80/92/89. That would mean that the eventual winner of the race ran the first section or quarter of the race in 80, the second quarter in 92 and the last in 89. Looking at the expected pace of each runner would then give you an idea of which horses best fit the winning pace profile for the race.

Of course, in a perfect world horses would always run exactly the same and you’d win all your wagers, but this is horse racing reality so we know that isn’t going to happen. Scraping out any kind of a profit betting on horses, even with sophisticated information like this, is still very difficult.

On the other hand, before the race starts it is nice to think that you know exactly how the runners will race and where each one will be during each quarter of the race.

Once the gate opens and pandemonium starts and you get that sinking feeling in your stomach, well, that’s when you realize that par times and pace figures and speed figures are just a guide. Nonetheless, they are useful and should not be overlooked as a handicapping tool. A good way to use them is to look for horses who have run a recent race in which they have set the par times in each fraction as well as the final time figure.

Using the example of the par times and pace pars above, any horse who had set those pace pars and also the final time for a race would be considered a contender. Since this isn’t an exact science, you might want to allow a little wiggle room and say that any horse who had come within a tick or two of those times was also a possibility.

With younger horses these methods must be considered a rough guide because young horses are still improving and the pars they set in past races may not indicate what they’re capable of today. However, when handicapping races for older horses, many have already peaked and the par times you see in past races are the best to be expected.

An article by Jennifer Washburn in the April 12, 2006 issue of the Los Angeles Times entitled “The legal lock on stem cells;

Two patents that cover key research areas are setting back science,” discusses patent royalty issues surrounding California’s Proposition 71/CIRM previously discussed in this ezine (“Future Bumps In The Road For State-Funding Of Stem Cell Research,” http://ezinearticles.com/?id=171034.) However, unlike the theme in the ezine, which suggested that patent royalty issues were bumps in the road which could be worked out, the Washburn article suggested that stem cell patents were themselves problematic.

Washburn wrote: “The foundation’s [WARF’s] patents are based on the work of James Thompson, a University of Wisconsin professor who was the first scientist to isolate embryonic stem cells, in 1998. But the patents are so broad — unreasonably broad — that they cover all human embryonic stem cell lines in the U.S., not just the specific lines developed by Thompson.”

Obliquely, Washburn suggests that California’s CIRM should challenge the validity of WARF’s patents: “The Foundation

for Taxpayer and Consumer Rights, based in Santa Monica, has urged California’s stem cell agency to challenge the Wisconsin patents.”

The basic WARF patent is US 5,843,780 (issued 1 Dec 1998 to James A. Thomson, based on application 591246 filed 18 Jan 1996; the application was a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/376,327 filed Jan. 20, 1995. This invention was made with United States government support awarded by NIH NCRR Grant No. RR00167. Thus, if California’s CIRM were to challenge the ‘780 patent, one would have state taxpayer money of California used to challenge a patent held by a Wisconsin agency (WARF), based on research paid by for by the federal National Institutes of Health (NIH). It is doubtful that state taxpayers in California or in Wisconsin, or federal taxpayers, would find this a useful expenditutre of money.

The previous ezine article stated: An important message to appreciate is that money from state-funding of stem cell research intended to create new horizons in medical treatment may be directed to paying off holders of already-created rights. It may well happen that there are valid patent rights in the stem cell area, and states working in the area must negotiate with the holders of those rights. Separately, the Hatch-Waxman Act created in 35 USC 271(e)(1) a safe harbor for research used to furnish information to federal agencies (such as the FDA). The Supreme Court gave this safe harbor great breadth in the case Merck v. Integra.

Separately, it is ironic for Washburn to complain that WARF is asserting its patent rights while, at the same time, CIRM will be seeking to obtain patent rights to enforce against others. Although the patent royalty distribution under Proposition 71 is muddied by federal tax issues associated with the planned use of tax exempt bonds, California voters were told that there would be income from patent royalties.

As a minor aside to the Washburn article, the two patents discussed therein, U.S. 5,843,780 and 6,200,806, were respectively a continuation-in-part and a divisional; because neither was a continuation, the remark about the applicant can file a “continuation” with another until it gets approved was inappropriate to these facts. The USPTO is currently studying changes to the “continuation” process, but even the changes, as currently proposed, would not have impacted these two applications. Discussions about the effect of repeated continuations on patent grant rate have been discussed in 4 CHI.-KENT J. INTELL. PROP. 186 (available at http://jip.kentlaw.edu); ironically, misunderstanding of the patent grant rate underlies some of the arguments about the lack of patent quality relied upon in the Washburn article.

A Review of Prehistoric Times Magazine (Issue 105)

The weather has at last began to get better and as we say goodbye to the chilly easterly breeze we and say a warm welcome to the spring edition of Prehistoric Times magazine. Yes, spring has finally come and it is marked by the arrival of the spring edition of Prehistoric Times, a magazine that provides news and views on anything and everything to do with prehistoric animals, extinct creatures and of course, dinosaurs.

Marking the 20th Anniversary of the Publication

Issue 105 is the 20th anniversary of the first edition of this quarterly publication. Coincidently, 2013 is also the 20th anniversary of the premier of the dinosaur film “Jurassic Park” and there are special features on both inside this issue. Editor Mike Fredericks provides a potted history of the publication, a fascinating insight into what has become an institution for “dino-philes”. Dotted throughout the article are contributions from other regular writers and it was interesting to read how they met Mike and started to work with him on various projects. The feature entitled “Sketch me a Spitter”, pays homage to Jurassic Park the movie, and renowned artist Mark Hallett recalls his work on the film working as a concept artist and palaeo consultant. There are some wonderful illustrations of the Theropod dinosaurs that appeared in the first of the Jurassic Park trilogy. If you have always wanted to know how the venomous dinosaur that killed the character known as Dennis Nedry, came about then read this article and all will be revealed.

Special Feature on the Horned Dinosaur Triceratops

The first of the prehistoric animals featured in this issue is Triceratops and the magazine includes lots and lots of artwork sent in by readers. Phil Hore provides a very informative article on this famous horned dinosaur and even Tracy Lee Ford gets in on the act with a superb piece in his long running series “How to Draw Dinosaurs”. The morphology of the skull and horns changed as Ceratopsians got older. He kindly summarises the main points to remember when it comes to illustrating juveniles, mature adults and very old specimens of Triceratops. There is also a rare picture of a Triceratops skull in situ, discovered by the famous palaeontologist George Sternberg in 1908.

Ideas on to Depict Foliage when Making Model Scenes

Amongst the usual items such as correspondence from readers, collectors corner, book reviews and updates on new model introductions, Ron Lemery provides information on a technique known as photoetching, a great way to build detail into dinosaur themed model scenes with the skillful use of foliage. Talking of models, Steven B. DeMarco showcases how to make and paint a fearsome Mosasaur, a marine reptile he aptly refers to as “Mosa Jaws”!

The Fearsome and Highly Deadly Dire Wolf

The second prehistoric animal to feature prominently in this edition of “PT” is the fearsome, highly resourceful Dire Wolf (Canis dirus). Phil Hore writes a very entertaining piece explaining the differences between the Dire Wolf and the Grey Wolf and discusses their fossil record including the exquisitely detailed specimens that have been retrieved from the La Brea Tar pits in Los Angeles (California, USA).

Prehistoric Animals Featured on Postcards – Collectors Corner

For slightly older dinosaur fans there is a very insightful article written by Allen A. Debus on the beautiful post card illustrations of Neave Parker, a real trip down memory lane when looking at the wonderful black and white illustrations of the various prehistoric animals.

Jam packed full of dinosaur themed goodies, issue 105 of Prehistoric Times is definitely a ” must read” and on this form we can expect this publication to keep on going for at least another twenty years.

Well done to all involved.