Is there a big difference between filters for aboveground pools and inground pools? They both filter water right? Besides, the manufacturer’s specifications tell me that this filter can filter a swimming pool up to 20,000 gallons.  So why should I have to pay more than double the price?  The short answer is yes, but let’s not be penny wise and pound foolish. 

Those are typical, reasonable questions that many pool owners ask.  Let’s look at some of the major differences between filters for aboveground pools and inground pools.  But first we’ll look at the similarities.

The similarities between inground and aboveground pool filters are pretty simple.  The first similarity is that there are 3 types of pool filters – Sand, Diatomaceous Earth (DE), and Cartridge.  The second similarity is that they work essentially the same – a pump draws water from the pool through the skimmer, then the water is pumped through the filter tank and its media (sand, DE or cartridge) and returns to the swimming pool clean and filtered.

The differences deal with pool plumbing or piping, necessary flow and finally size.  Let’s discuss them in order.

Pool Plumbing. The biggest difference may seem like pool size and gallonage.  But in reality, it’s more of a function of pool plumbing. Most aboveground pools have their filter system right next to the swimming pool.  Plus, the filter and pump & motor are generally located below the water level. In other words, the filter system is usually on the ground with the hose from the skimmer feeding directly down into the pump and the filtered water returning up to the pool’s return jet – gravity feed.  Most aboveground pools have no more than 6 to 9 feet (about 2 to 3 meters) of hose on each side – a total of 12 to 18 feet.

Inground pools on the other hand can and do have many more feet of piping and plumbing.  On top of that, there are usually multiple skimmers or other suction lines – sometimes working in tandem, sometimes not.  Then there are multiple return fittings or “eyeballs” or jets.  Here’s an example, my swimming pool (with only about 16,000 gallons) has a skimmer, lower suction, and 2 return fittings.  Each wall fitting has its own pluming line.  Even though the filter sits just 15 feet from the pool, let’s look at how many feet of pipe there are for each line.  The skimmer and lower suction are relatively close to each other, so they each use about the same amount of piping – roughly 40 feet each line or a total of 80 feet going into the pump.  The return fittings are on opposite sides of the pool.  One return line is about 30 feet from the filter, the other is about 50 feet – another 80 feet.  My pump & motor has to pull and push water a total of more than 160 feet or TEN times the distance of an average aboveground pool.  Plus we haven’t mentioned heater, valves, elbows and other fittings used in inground pools.

Necessary Flow.  Understanding flow is the “great mystery” of the pool industry.  Very few people practice it well.  Simply stated, FLOW is putting the correct amount of water through the system to adequately filter the water.  It’s not all about Horsepower. In fact, most pool systems operate with too much horsepower!  And that’s a waste of energy and money.  Think of it this way: all pipes or hoses (depending on their size or diameter) can only handle a certain amount of water flow – let’s say it’s 100 gallons per minute (gpm) for example.  You or pool guy decide that a new pump is needed.  “Let’s use something a little bigger that will give you ‘better’ suction,” he says.  Now a pump is installed that pumps 125 gpm – great!  Not so fast! Your pipes can only handle 100 gpm.  Do you have better suction? Maybe.  Are you using more energy to run the larger pump? Definitely.  Roughly 25% more energy.  Not only that, but the filter doesn’t seem to filter as well as before.  That’s because the water is being pushed too quickly through the media (especially true of sand filters) – the filter system has to run longer because the dirt can’t be as easily trapped.

But that’s just one part of the flow discussion.  The other part is something called “head.”  Head is how high the pump has to pull or push water up.  Most inground pools have their filters above the water level.  Sometimes within a foot or two (less than 1 meter).  Sometimes, it can be 10 to 15 feet.  The pump has to draw all of that pool water 15 feet up to the filter.  Think of this way: is it easier to hold a glass of water over your head and pour it into your mouth or to use a straw to sip (suction) it?  Plus then there are solar heating panels (often installed on the roof of the house or pool shed) and fountains or other water features.

Size. Finally we come to size.  Pool size. Filter size.  It’s all important.  Can an aboveground filter system filter 20,000 gallons of pool water? Yes. But is an aboveground filter system able to properly push water through 100 plus feet of piping and create enough circulation in the pool to push water down 6 or 8 feet in depth and back up again?  Or how about doing all of that plus getting the water 25 to 30 feet in various directions?  Inground pumps are made to do all of that pushing and pulling of water.  Aboveground pumps can’t.

How about filter size? Inground pools typically have 20,000 to 40,000 gallons of water.  All of that water needs to be filtered 2 to 3 times daily for best performance (see our ezine article on Proper Circulation: “Circulation – First Key to Good Pool Care” for more information).  A larger filter is needed for the larger volume of water.

As a necessary aside, larger aboveground pools ( 27 ft round and larger, and 18 x 33 oval and larger ) should consider utilizing a properly sized inground filter system.  After the first season, many large aboveground pools experience water quality problems due to inadequate filter systems.  Unfortunately, these pools are “hampered” by the problem of having only one skimmer and one return cut-out.  Ask your local pool professional to configure your system correctly.  Will it cost more initially? Yes, but you will be much more satisfied in years to come.

Let me start by showing you what chords correspond to each tone of a major scale:

1 tone – Major

2 tone – minor

3 tone – minor

4 tone – Major

5 tone – Major (dominant)

6 tone – minor

7 tone – Half Diminished

To understand the chart above, you must understand that each tone of a major scale has a chord that goes along with it. For example, the following is a C major scale:

(C — D — E — F — G — A — B — C)

Each tone above has a matching chord. Simply add the endings of the chart above to the scale as shown below:

C MAJOR

D MINOR

E MINOR

F MAJOR

G MAJOR / DOM

A MINOR

B HALF-DIMINISHED

To further understand progressions, let us number each chord:

1 = C Major

2 = D minor

3 = E minor

4 = F Major

5 = G dominant

6 = A minor

7 = B half – diminished

8 = C Major

Now, to create a 2-5-1 chord progression (or any numbered chord progression), simply take the 2, 5, and 1 chord out of the entire series of chords above. That is, we would not use the 3,4, 6, or 7th chord.

The 2 chord is D minor; the 5 chord is G dominant; and the 1 chord is C Major.

Here is the most basic 2-5-1 chord progression:

Dmin — Gdom — Cmaj

min = minor

dom = dominant

Maj = major

D minor chord = (D) + (F) + (A)

G dominant chord = (G) + (B) + (D) + (F)

C Major chord = (C) + (E) + (G)

Example: To play a D minor chord simply play all three of the notes shown above at the same time (D+F+A)

Progressions are just a way to get the harmony to support the melody. In any key if your melody sticks to the key you are in:

I chord will harmonize three notes, V chord will harmonize two additional notes and the IV chord will harmonize the remaining two notes. So the I IV V chords will harmonize every note in a given melody providing it stays in key.

You can replace the 2 chord for the 4 chord. So now we get the 2 5 1. You can expand the one chord if you are sitting on it for a while and can play different bass notes under to help create motion. That is where we get the 1 3 6 2 5 1.

The 6 chord and the 3 chord fill in for the 1 chord. And the 7 fills in for the 5 chord. The 6 chord can also lead to the 4 chord. All this may seem confusing but it all starts with the one chord, the 5 chord and the 4r chord.

If you just use these three chords you can play with most songs.

When you get more advance you can use the 2 5 1 as a little intro to each new chord you will play. So to introduce the one chord you play 2 5 and then 1. When you want to go to the four chord, you introduce it by playing a 2 5 1 in the key of the 4 chord.

So, if you were in the key of C and you want to go to the F, you introduce the F by playing G min7, C7 and Fmaj (2 5 1)

So, now you have it! 2 5 1 are derived from 4 5 1 and they have over time become embellishments and static chords to rest on to support the melody. For more educational music resources visit my website or stop by my blog!

“Little minds are tamed and subdued by misfortune; but great minds rise above them.” Washington Irving

At first, it may appear that this is saying misfortune is a blessing in disguise. If you look closer, it seems this is saying that whatever occurs is in the eye of the beholder. What we call rising above may have everything to do with an individual’s perspective.

In everyone’s life, something occurs every second of the day. What you see as misfortune and what you see as a great opportunity may have more to do with how you view the world.

If you can understand that everything is an occurrence or something happening, you begin to get that what shows up is nothing, not misfortune or great. Therefore, it is what you say it is. Once you add your meaning to the occurring, the occurring is tainted by what you predetermine to be good or bad.

If, as a rule, you look for things to be wrong, eventually you will be tamed by your perspective alone. Why? You will always find misfortune, even when things are going well.

If you think I am exaggerating, look at your relationship with your significant other or with big opportunities. If you are unable to visualize either over a one-year period without predetermining something going wrong, you are the creator of your own misfortune.

At the same time, breakdowns or problems occur in life. Do you view them as opportunities to uncover what is missing? Or do you allow your mind to be subdued into giving up and saying ‘it just wasn’t meant to be’?

What some call misfortune opens the door for the possibility to uncover what’s missing and allows one to be extraordinary. It is the opportunity to show your prowess, for the world to see what you are made of.

What do you think? I would love to hear what you think. Or if you want to write me on a specific topic, connect through my blog www.turnaroundip.blogspot.com.

Galvalume Ladders are durable and are available in brushed stainless steel or bright white galvalume. Heavy 1-1/2″ tubing ensures a positive grip and stainless steel hardware ensures long lasting and durable wear. Galvalume Ladders have a rail height is 18 ½”above the dock or surface with a weight capacity of 400 lb. Both the fixed and flip-up ladders are available with 3, 4, or 5 steps.

• Fixed Ladders are securely bolted to the dock or seawall surface.

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Stainless Steel Fixed Ladders are manufactured from brushed stainless steel. They are durable and attractive and make a great addition to your dock, seawall or other marine surface. Heavy 1 ½” tubing ensures a positive grip and stainless steel hardware is included. Rail height is 18 ½” above the dock with a weight capacity of 400 lb. Stainless Steel Fixed Ladders are available with 3, 4, or 5 steps.

Aluminum Ladders are manufactured with heavy marine grade aluminum. These rugged ladders have a weight capacity of 665 lb.

• Fixed Ladders are durable and are ideal for sure-footed access to and from the water or boat and will stand the test of time. Perfect for seawalls or dock applications with varying water levels. Rail height is 19 ½” above the dock or surface. Aluminum Fixed Ladders are available with 3, 4, or 5 steps.

• Flip-Up Ladders are made with the same great features of the fixed aluminum ladder and is also available with 3, 4, or 5 steps. The Flip-Up ladder makes an attractive addition to any dock or surface. Easily flipping up and out of the water when not in use, it is easily secured in the up or down position with a handy retainer pin. Rail height is 20″ above the dock or surface.

• Slide-Up Ladders easily slide up and out of the water when not in use. Heavy marine grade aluminum rungs and hangers mean that you’ll have long and reliable service and an attractive addition to your marine application. Convenient cords for raising and lowering the steps may be added to this ladder. Aluminum Slide-Up Ladder is available in 5 or 7 steps and has a rail height of 19 ¾ “above the dock or surface.

KWIK Release Aluminum Ladders are manufactured with 1″ heavy aluminum tubing. All assembly hardware is stainless steel and assembly is quick and easy. KWIK Release Aluminum Ladders are designed to be removed and reinstalled easily.

• Fixed Ladders are manufactured to simply tilt the ladder up and slide it out for storage and cleaning, or mount the ladder permanently with its pre-drilled holes. The rail height is 18 ½” above the dock or surface and has a weight capacity of 450 lb. Kwik Release Fixed Aluminum Ladders are available with 3, 4, or 5 steps.

• Stand-OFF Ladders are manufactured with an angled design to make it ideal for pontoon boats as well as docks. The non-skid coating on the treads, makes for sure footing and the angled design makes it easier to climb, as it is more like walking up normal stairs. Easy to assemble with stainless steel hardware. Kwik Release Stand-off Ladders are available with 3, 4, or 5 steps and have a weight capacity of 350 lb.

Weld Free Aluminum Ladders have been designed to make a minimum carbon footprint. It is manufactured with no welding processes involved. Wider steps make for a sure grip and a safe climb. Weld Free Aluminum Ladders have a weight capacity of 500 lb. and are available in 3, 4 or 5 steps. Both fixed and flip-up are easily assembled in a few minutes with stainless steel fasteners.

• Fixed Ladders Weld Free Aluminum Fixed Ladders have a rail height of 18″ above the dock or surface.

• Flip-Up Ladders flip up and out of the water when not in use and have a rail height of 18 ½”above the dock or surface.

Polyethylene Roto Molded Ladders provide a more economical option for Stand-Off or Flip-Up Ladders. Tough and durable, this roto-molded ladder will not corrode with exposure and will not fade or crack. Molded-in with U.V. inhibitors and fungicides. Polyethylene Roto Molded Ladders have a weight capacity of 500 lb. and a rail height of 20 ½” from the dock or surface.

• Stand Off Flip-Up Roto-Molded Ladder swings up and out of the way, locking in place when not in use. The Stand Off Flip-Up Ladder extends into the water at a 60 degree angle to make getting out of the water easier.

• Flip-Up Roto-Molded Ladder swings up and out of the way, locking in place when not in use.

The Nakshatras are 27 constellations in the sky measuring 13 degrees 20 minutes each. This is the most ancient of zodiacs, mentioned in texts long before mention of Rasis.

Basis Above and Basis Below:

The basis above is what is in the mind of the deity of the Nakshatra when thinking about life upon earth. The basis below is the natural consequence, or how that mindset manifests when living upon earth. It is not what is consciously in the mind of a person, it is the natural predisposition and what grows from this natural predisposition.

Shakti:

Shakti is the power inherent in the Nakshatra and the power in the mind of the individual. This power is innate and does not need conscious interference or will power. It is as innate as the color of one’s eyes even if the native is not aware of it.

The Nakshatras

Ashwini

“Owning horses”

0 – 13°20 Aries

Deities: Ashwini Kumaras

Symbol: the horse’s head

Shakti: power to reach things quickly

Basis Above: creatures to be healed

Basis Below: healing therapies

Result: freedom from disease

Ashwini natives are swift and are able to travel at high speeds. They are natural healers and being in their presence in soothing. They are good listeners and will make excellent therapists and psychologists. This is an animal Nakshatra so there is an affinity for animals, especially horses. They also have an affinity for vehicles. Ashwini people usually reach lofty heights in their chosen profession but not though ambition. Roy Rogers, the cowboy actor, has his natal Moon here and he was featured in over one hundred movies with his Palamino and German Shepherd. Peter Fonda, the lead in “Easy Rider”, also is an Ashwini native. The chopper was his metal stallion carrying him swiftly across the United States.

Bharani

“To bear”

13°20 – 26°40 Aries

Deity: Yama, the god of death

Symbol: vagina

Shakti: power to take things away

Basis Above: removal of life from the body

Basis Below: carry the soul to the realm of the ancestors

Result: Moving on to the next world

Bharani people are obsessed with death and/or transformation. Their power lies in taking things away. As long as the things taken away are negative or counterproductive, then the Bharani person works in line with the universe. For example, if one has a brain tumor, a Bharani surgeon will effectively be able to take it away. Garbage needs to be taken away. Psychologically, negative attitudes and self-defeating habits need to be taken away so that the person can better themselves. The vagina, as the symbol of Bharani, takes away the semen to produce another life, it takes away the vital essence of one being to create another. As a side note, Jim Morrison had his Moon in Bharani. Did you see the movie, “The Doors”? Throughout the entire movie, he spoke about and was obsessed with the subject of death. Many of his songs were about death.

Krittika

“Razor/cutter”

26°40 Aries – 10°00 Taurus

Deity: Agni, the god of fire

Symbol: A razor or sharp blade

Shakti: To burn

Basis Above: Heat

Basis Below: Light

Result: Burning and purification

Krittika is also a transformative Nakshatra. Fire is the most purifying substance known. Krittika people are fiery, courageous and able to cut away the unnecessary to achieve their goals. Frida Kahlo had her Moon in Krittika and her art is filled with images of cut flesh and even a self-portrait of cutting her own hair. There are myths associated with Agni, the god of fire that tell of high sexual passion and illicit affairs with other married individuals, note that Katherine Hepburn’s Moon is also under the sway of Krittika and her 25 year affair with the married Spencer Tracy was hardly a secret.

Rohini

“The growing” or “the red”

10°00 – 23°20 Taurus

Deity: Prajapati, lord of creation

Symbol: an ox cart

Shakti: growth

Basis Above: plants

Basis Below: waters

Result: creation

Rohini is a soft, tender nakshatra. This was the favorite wife of the Moon. The deity, Prajapati is a creative deity, presiding over theatrical art, dancing and music and all growth. Rohini, as the favorite wife of the Moon, was highly talented in these arts as well as highly skilled in making love. In Vedic myth, the Moon stayed with Rohini to the detriment of his other wives because of her beauty grace and charm. The father of the brides, Daksha, cursed the Moon, so now he waxes and wanes as he visits all of his wives. Rohini people make wonderful dancers, Fred Astaire has his natal Moon here. Rohini people are concerned with growth, note that Sigmund Freud, doing research into the growing mind of the individual from babyhood, through toddler years, revolved an entire thesis around how the perceptual mind grows in psychology.

Mrigashira

“the deer’s head” “hunting”

23°20 Taurus – 6°40 Gemini

Deity: Soma, god of immortality

Symbol: deer’s head

Shakti: the power to give fulfillment

Basis Above: to extend

Basis Below: weaving

Result: Making the world enjoyable

Mrigashira individuals search within the creation for satiation and usually find it. They extend themselves into creation, weaving a pattern of karmas, but these desires to be fulfilled are benign and the motivation behind them is to enjoy the creation. Mrigashira individuals are charming, changeable, timid, and impulsive. They like to hunt for the objects of their desires. The house placement of the Moon as well as any planets conjunct the Moon in Mrigashira will give clues as to what the native is hunting. Mrigashira is an animal Nakshatra, so there is a natural love of animals and nature unless planets are severely afflicted here. Also, as a side note, Mrigashira people often have big, beautiful, doe-like eyes. An example is Brooke Shields and Goldie Hawn who both have their Moons in this asterism.

Ardra

“the moist one”

6°40 – 20°00 Gemini

Deity: Rudra, the storm-god

Symbol: a teardrop

Shakti: the power of effort

Basis Above: to hunt or search

Basis Below: reach the goal

Result: achievement

Rudra, the god of Ardra, is a form of Shiva. Shiva is very unconventional and heretical in his actions and views, so Ardra people are inclined to be the same way. The symbol is a teardrop, so high emotion is associated with this asterism. Often Ardra individuals will be moved to tears, and since Shiva is the god of destruction and suffering, often Ardra people will suffer for what they want and to achieve their goals. In order to reach the goal, there is suffering and destruction of some sort along the way. Ardra’s planetary ruler is Rahu, showing an obsessive, strong desire nature. Ardra natives can make their goals their obsessions, giving a powerful impetus for success, however if they do not have a beneficial and healthy goal, they can fall into addictions. Janis Joplin and Farrah Fawcett have their natal Moons placed here. The sad story of Janis Joplin’s addictions ruining her after she achieved great success is well known.

Punarvasu

“return to goodness and light”

20°00 Gemini – 3°20 Cancer

Deity: Aditi, mother of the gods

Symbol: a quiver of arrows

Shakti: the power of wealth or substance

Basis Above: wind, air

Basis Below: wetness, rain

Result: producing herbs and trees

Aditi, the mother goddess, is beyond form and boundless. She is goddess of space and also of the earth. Like the goddess, Punarvasu people love freedom and expansion. The have the natural ability to create wealth and prosperity. They have many resources from which to draw upon, represented by the quiver of arrows. They like to store and retain their creations and energy instead of spending it. They have a strong sense of virtue and of right and wrong. The ability to resurrect a failing marriage or career, or regain self-respect, prosperity or income is a natural talent among these natives. The person may become overly enamored of material well being and use it for selfish reasons, but will always return to the balanced, correct path. David Hasselhoff has his Moon here and has been through many rehabilitations for alcohol related problems and he also knows that his actions are self-defeating and seeks out help to renew himself.

Pushya

“nourishing” “the flower”

3°20 – 16°40 Cancer

Deity: Brihaspati, teacher of the devas (divine beings, gods)

Symbol: udder of a cow

Shakti: the power to create spiritual energy

Basis Above: sacrificial worship

Basis Below: the worshipper

Result: possessing spiritual knowledge and energy

Brihaspati as the lord of Pushya rules knowledge and Pushya natives tend to be professionals in their field and quite knowledgeable. They will nourish anything they come into contact with and make it grow and thrive. As a result, this Nakshatra has the reputation of being the most auspicious Nakshatra. Luck naturally comes the way of the Pushya person. Prosperity and wealth are also attributes that seem to bless the life of the native of Pushya. Learning and mental energy are favored by this Nakshatra. Clint Eastwood, Joe Montana and Gloria Steinem all have their natal Moons in Pushya. All three of these individuals are extremely learned and fortunate in their respective fields.

Ashlesha

“entwiner” “embracer”

16°40 – 30°00 Cancer

Deity: Sarpas, the deified serpents

Symbol: a coiled serpent

Shakti: the power to inflict with poison

Basis Above: the approach of the serpent

Basis Below: agitation or trembling

Result: destruction of the victim

Ashlesha natives entwine or embrace that which they desire. They have a hypnotic, sensual, undulating quality which can metaphorically paralyze the object of their gaze. The poison they inflict can be to destroy or an ambrosial nectar that will bring about illusions within the recipient. They do not have the magnetic, charismatic qualities to sway the masses, usually their hypnotic powers work best on a one to one basis. Snakes are representative of the kundalini energy so this asterism has intense mystical power. The sarpas inhabit the underworld, so the Ashlesha native will be fascinated by the hidden, occult, deeply psychological areas of life. They are also akin to snakes as they periodically shed their skin and go through many transformations in life. Examples of Ashlesha natives are Marilyn Manson where the fascination with the dark side of life is quite apparent. Barbara Streisand is also a native with an Ashlesha moon. As a worthy note, Ashlesha rules fingernails; she possesses these in abundance and they are world famous.

Magha

“the great one”

0 – 13°20 Leo

Deity: The Pitris, the deified ancestors

Symbol: throne room, royal court

Shakti: the power to leave the body

Basis Above: mourning

Basis Below: leaving the body

Result: death

This Nakshatra is a very fated Nakshatra. These natives are highly relegated by what their ancestors have done and the desires of their ancestors. This Nakshatra has as its basis above, mourning, which above all is an awareness in the consciousness that things must be let go of and moved past. There are several phases in life that the person will move through and many people and situations they will be obliged to let go of. In the mythology of this Nakshatra, the Pitris live on the Moon, which represents that the ancestors are connected to our genetic make-up and guiding the destiny because of the link with consciousness. Because of the connection to the “throne room” and royal court, Magha natives often obtain a high level of success and fame in life. Winston Churchill and Joseph Stalin have their natal Moon in this asterism.

Purva Phalguni

“the former red one”

13°20 – 26°40 Leo

Deity: Bhaga, the god of wealth, especially inherited wealth

Symbol: legs of a cot

Shakti: the power to procreate

Basis Above: the wife, female partner

Basis Below: the husband, male partner

Result: the creation of a living being

All Purva Nakshatras deal with tremendous creative and conceptual powers. The Uttara Nakshatras are the natural follow up as they make the ideas and concepts into tangible results. Purva Phalguni is a highly creative Nakshatra with many artists and musicians as its natives. There is a predisposition to being overly sensual and fascinated by sexuality. These natives seem to create something of value while in partnership, not necessarily romantic partnership. When they create alone, it is most often unbalanced. There is a strong thirst for direct experience and a need to have concepts recognized. At one time the most famous woman in the world, Madonna, has her natal Moon here. Madonna’s fascination with sexuality and artistic talents are well known. Most of her documented life she has been one half of a partnership.

Uttara Phalguni

“the latter red one”

26°40 Leo – 10°00 Virgo

Deity: Aryaman, god of chivalry and contracts

Symbol: a bed or a cot

Shakti: the power of wealth and accumulation through partnership

Basis Above: wealth obtained through one’s family

Basis Below: wealth obtained through the partner or partner’s family

Result: accumulation of wealth

Uttara Phalguni is an asterism that will take the concepts and ideas of the previous Nakshatra and turn them into tangible results. This is a wealth Nakshatra and the native is able to benefit greatly from the wealth of his family and the wealth of the partner if the Moon is unafflicted here. It does not necessarily mean that the native’s family is wealthy or that the partner is wealthy, but that the native benefits from these avenues of wealth. This is also a Nakshatra where partnerships are favored and anything created in a partnership will thrive and bring wealth. Examples of this wealth through partnership can be seen through the natives of Barbara Bach, the wife of Ringo Starr and Eva Braun, the chere amie of Hitler.

Hasta

“the hand”

10°00 – 23°20 Virgo

Deity: Savitar the Sun, giver of life

Symbol: a hand or fist

Shakti: the power to gain our desire and place it in our hand

Basis Above: seeking gain

Basis Below: obtaining the desire

Result: obtainment of wish and put in one’s hand

Hasta natives can acquire the objects of the desires in their consciousness. If their Moon is afflicted, they will be confused about what they want. The symbol is the hand, so these natives are naturally dexterous and highly skilled. The deity, Savitar, rules over the control of the mind that gives higher awareness and the necessary focus to obtain what we want. Out of divine inspiration, these natives will usually unselfishly create with their hands. Orville Wright has his natal Moon here. Savitar also rules mantras and divine words, so the Hasta native will have a good capacity for writing and speaking. Sylvia Plath, the tragic but incredibly talented poet, had her natal Moon here as well. Her Moon however, was very dim and in the 8th house, hence her poems were about death and transformation of the psyche.

Chitra

“the bright” “the distinguished”

23°20 Virgo – 6°40 Libra

Deity: Tvashtar or Vishvakarma, the celestial architect

Symbol: a shining jewel

Shakti: the power to accumulate merit

Basis Above: law

Basis Below: truth

Result: gain of honor in one’s work

Chitra natives have the brightest star on the ecliptic, Spica, illuminating their constellation, hence their name, “the Bright”. They like to shine in what they do and do it with a certain flair and magnetism. They also like to be completely responsible for their creations as the deity, Vishvakarma is the divine architect. Chitra natives try to do their best in everything they do and they are extremely motivated to follow their own Truth. They are bright, charismatic and usually powerful. If the Moon is severely afflicted, what they believe to be the Truth may be highly twisted, but they will still be motivated to follow their own personal path. These natives will have flashes of inspiration and will want to become self-realized. Righteous activity will result in accumulation of merit, the shakti of Chitra. Sylvester Stallone, Ted Turner and both George Bushes have their Moons in Chitra.

Swati

“the independent one”

6°40 – 20°00 Libra

Deity: Vayu, deified wind

Symbol: a young sprout swaying in the wind

Shakti: the power to scatter like the wind

Basis Above: movement in different directions

Basis Below: changing form

Result: transformation

Wind means change. Reflect upon the saying, “Winds of Change”. Swati natives take something and transform it. Their lives are characterized by much movement and change. They thrive upon this and get bored when things are stagnant. These natives have a pioneering spirit and are very independent. Because their shakti is to scatter like the wind, they will be adventurous and restless and love to travel. Wind governs speech and the communicative faculty, the vocal chords, so these native will have natural talents in speaking and singing. Vayu, the deity of this Nakshatra, is also lord of the celestial musicians, so these natives often love music or have talent in this area. Charles Chaplin, Miles Davis, a trumpet player of which blowing air is paramount, and Johnny Cash all have their Moons in this asterism.

Vishakha

“the forked one”

20°00 Libra – 3°20 Scorpio

Deities: Indra, two gods of lightning and fire

Symbol: leaf encrusted triumphal gateway

Shakti: the power to achieve many and various goals

Basis Above: to cultivate

Basis Below: the harvest

Result: fruits of the harvest

Vishakha, as a Jupiter ruled Nakshatra, is connected to divine spirit. These natives need to define spirituality for themselves or some kind of dharmic (purposeful) path must be put into place to guide their lives. These natives are also planners, they do not act impulsively. The inherent nature of cultivation and then reaping the harvest takes time, so these natives are very patient and persistent. They are multi-faceted and have many talents. They often will make good farmers and gardeners. Vishakha natives will cultivate their ideas and creations until they have reached perfection. The deities are ones of lightning and fire, so therefore are extremely intense and often will disregard others in their pursuit of their desire. Jimmy Carter, who was once a farmer and Jules Verne, who was both a writer of science fiction and a politician, both have their native Moons here.

Anuradha

“additional Radha”

3°20 – 16°40 Scorpio

Deity: Mitra, god of friendship, lord of compassion

Symbol: a lotus, archway

Shakti: the power of worship

Basis Above: to ascend

Basis Below: to descend

Result: Honor and abundance

Natives with Anuradha as their Nakshatra have a very fated path with regard to friends. Really good friends are naturally fated because they usually give us help when needed and boosts in career, finance, etc. Anuradha is also ruled by Saturn, the planet of fate. These natives usually take longer than usual to reach their goals and must go through many adversities in early life before they are able to come into their own as represented by the lotus. Honor and loyalty play a major role in their life as well. They are often very devoted to something, hence their shakti as power of worship. The worship does not have to be something spiritual, it can be a concept, a career, a person. The god Mitra, abhors violence and disputes, so these natives usually do not like passionate confrontations. This is a goal oriented Nakshatra and these natives reach their goals through the alliances they maintain with others. Bob Geldof, the instigator of the LiveAid concerts and Francis Ford Coppola have Anuradha as their Moons’ Nakshatra.

Jyeshtha

“the eldest”

16°40 – 30°00 Scorpio

Deity: Indra, king of gods, lord of storms

Symbol: earring, talisman

Shakti: the power to rise and conquer

Basis Above: to attack

Basis Below: to defend

Result: To gain supremacy among the gods

Jyeshtha, as all Nakshatras ruled by Mercury, is concerned with tangible results. As the eldest, and Indra as the deity, these people are fierce fighters and love a challenge. They are very powerful people and have the ability to rise above circumstances and become a hero. They tend to see life as a battle. Because Jyeshtha means the eldest, these people often hold positions of seniority and authority. There is very powerful sexual potency in this Nakshatra and these natives have a forceful impact on people and may be prone to adultery and illicit sexual encounters. Their sexual desire may cause them to seek fulfillment outside of their primary relationships. The Jyeshtha person can never be held down. Tiger Woods, Oprah Winfrey and Alexander the Great are some examples of Jyeshtha natives

Mula

“the root”

0 – 13°20 Sagittarius

Deity: Nirriti, goddess of misery

Symbol: tied up bunch of roots, lion’s tail

Shakti: the power to destroy or damage

Basis Above: to break

Basis Below: to crush

Result: destruction

Mula people like to take things apart, literally destroy them, before they create anything. Mula natives are focused on getting to the root of a concept, situation or thing so they inevitably must destroy most of the thing to get at its essence. Mula is a constellation at the middle of the Milky Way, so these natives become intensely interested in their object of study and penetrate the core of whatever it is that they are focused upon. They like to uncover secret knowledge. Because of the naturally difficult aspects of this Nakshatra, Mula natives are prone to experience utter loss and disappointment at some time in their lives. As this is happening, Nirriti will give a healing salve to those in distress. She is also protector of those people who are mentally and physically disabled The Mula person will confront fear and it will flee. A Mula person has an inner warrior that can confront anything. Prominent Mula people are Henri Matisse and Krishnamurti.

Purva Ashadha

“the former undefeated”

13°20 – 26°40 Sagittarius

Deity: Apas, goddess of waters

Symbol: a basket used for separating grain from the husk

Shakti: the power to invigorate or energize

Basis Above: strength

Basis Below: connection

Result: to gain the sea upon wishing for it

Purva Nakshatras, as mentioned before, are concerned with concepts and ideas. Purva Ashadha’s deity, Apas, is the goddess of waters. In this context it means water as flowing. Purva Ashadha people are invigorating and inspiring. They like to feel connected. Water is what invigorates us in the body. When we are dehydrated we feel de-energized and uninvigorated; flowing water remedies this. These people have great luster and charisma. They use their natural strength to bring people together for a cause. Because it is “the former undefeated”, these people tend to succeed quickly and success and victory. This is also a highly creative Nakshatra with a lot of sexual potency, so they tend to attract romantic partners and friends that help them win their goals. Other prominent people with this Nakshatra are Johnny Depp, Ernest Hemingway and Cher.

Uttara Ashadha

“the latter undefeated”

26°40 Sagittarius – 10°00 Capricorn

Deity: The Ten Vishvadevas, universal gods

Symbol: an elephant’s tusk

Shakti: the power to grant an unchallengeable victory

Basis Above: strength to win

Basis Below: the goal that one can win

Result: becomes the victor that can never lose

Uttara Ashadha also denotes victory. However, since this is “the latter undefeated”, these people tend to succeed later and have more patience and perseverance. Since it is Uttara, it is more concerned with tangible results than ideas and concepts. Many of these people take on incredible odds but are able to succeed anyway. George Washington and Abraham Lincoln have their Moons here. Uttara Ashadha people have an intense desire behind which they throw their strong will to achieve a victory that endures. They have leadership qualities and a natural diplomacy.

Shravana

“the ear”

10°00 – 23°20 Capricorn

Deity: Vishnu, the Pervader

Symbol: three footprints

Shakti: the power to connect

Basis Above: seeking

Basis Below: paths

Result: connection of all things

As “the ear” is representative of Shravana, hearing becomes very important for this Nakshatra. Hearing becomes what we think. These natives want to connect things and people, so what they hear becomes a means for connection. What they hear decides their path. You know the saying, “That sounds good”. This determines our decision when something sounds better than something else. This is also the Nakshatra of listening, so these natives make great listeners and develop a profound wisdom. Three footprints symbolize walking and traveling, so the Shravana person will like to walk, run and/or travel. Charles Manson has his Moon in this Nakshatra. He killed because he heard the White Album of the Beatles and believed it was heralding a race war. Henry Ford also has this asterism and what better way to connect people than to provide automobiles which made travel much faster and efficient.

Dhanishtha

“the wealthiest”

23°20 Capricorn – 6°40 Aquarius

Dieties: the eight Vasus, gods of light and abundance

Symbol: a musical drum

Shakti: the power to give abundance and fame

Basis Above: birth

Basis Below: prosperity

Result: To revolve around the summit of the gods

Dhanishtha is a wealth Nakshatra. Its natives have the power to acquire immense wealth, whatever that may be. It is usually wealth of the financial kind, but it can also be measured in fame as well. Marilyn Monroe and Princess Diana, arguably the most famous women to have ever lived, have their Moons here. This is also a Nakshatra of Nature. The natives enjoy spending time in the woods away from the hustle and bustle of crowded cities. Many of these natives are born into wealth and then acquire even more as life progresses or they are born famous or within a famous family. They have a knack for acquiring fame and fortune if they are not born into it. Often these natives give birth to something original as that is there basis above. Fidel Castro gave birth to Communism in Cuba. He is considered an extremely successful leader amongst his own people. A musical drum as the symbol often make these natives musicians or gives a good rhythm as in dancing.

Shatabisha

“possessing or requiring one hundred physicians or medicines”

6°40 – 20°00 Aquarius

Deity: Varuna, god of rain and water

Symbol: an empty circle

Shakti: the power of healing

Basis Above: all-pervasiveness

Basis Below: support for everything

Result: Firmness in understanding

Varuna, the deity, is “the coverer” or “the binder”, thus these natives have a hidden, secret side that they hide from the world. Varuna rules the invisible so these natives are very unpredictable. Before Varuna was associated with water, he was the god of the “all-encompassing sky” and he was the support for creation. He actually created the Nakshatras, thus these natives seem to be all knowing and know things without any methodical practice. They can assimilate diverse information and unite it into an all-encompassing theory. Since Varuna created the Nakshatras, these natives exist to heal the creation. Each individual jiva needs to be healed, that is the purpose of creation, to heal, so that enlightenment can be reached. The all pervading aspect of Shatabisha shows up in the horoscope of J. Edgar Hoover, the former head of the FBI.

Purva Bhadrapada

“earlier auspicious one”

20°00 Aquarius – 3°20 Pisces

Deity: Aja Ekapada, the one-footed goat

Symbol: double faced man, a sword, two front legs of a funeral bed

Shakti: the power of spiritual fire which is elevating

Basis Above: that which is good for people

Basis Below: that which is good for the gods

Result: to gain support for the entire world through spiritual knowledge

Purva Bhadrapada natives are inspired by what is good for all people. They are motivated by supporting the world through knowledge and do not have a need to be recognized for what they do. This is a devotional, worship centered Nakshatra. When they become interested in something, they will revere it. Worship is really attention. That which our attention focuses upon the most consistently and methodically is that which we worship. Hugh Hefner has his natal Moon here and through his worship of the female form, was able to create a publishing empire. Martin Luther King also has his Moon here and was able to create and promote concepts and ideas of fairness and equality.

Uttara Bhadrapada

“later auspicious one”

3°20 – 16°40 Pisces

Deity: Ahir Budhya, serpent of the deep

Symbol: two joined men, the back end of a funeral bed

Shakti: the power to bring rain

Basis Above: the raining of clouds

Basis Below: the growth of plants

Result: Nourishment and balance between earth and sky

Uttara Bhadrapada natives want to bring nourishment. The world is not stable because there is hunger and need. These natives want to bring stability by fulfilling needs. They want to bring about peace and balance. Uttara Bhadrapada’s skakti is to bring the rain. Rain represents a quelling of a thirsty earth, but also the condensation of ideas and inspiration into tangible form that can do some good in a practical way. Bill Gates is an Uttara Bhadrapada native. He answered a need for the sharing of information and heightened communication and fulfilled that need with a concrete product. Now anyone almost anywhere in the world can find information about any subject or find what they want through a computer.

Revati

“wealthy”

16°40 – 30°00 Pisces

Deity: Pushan, Sun as Nourisher and finder of lost things and animals

Symbol: a drum, fish

Shakti: the power of nourishment

Basis Above: cows

Basis Below: calves

Result: Nourishment of entire world

Revati natives will go out of their way to care for someone. They instinctively know what is needed on an immediate physical or psychological level and as a result are usually wonderful people to have as friends. Revati natives also love traveling and usually had great good luck while on travels. The symbol of a drum gives them good dancing and musical ability. They also love animals. If planets are severely afflicted here, there may come harm from animals. Angelina Jolie has her natal Moon here. She has been deeply moved by the hunger and poverty she has seen in third world countries and has now dedicated her life to helping those in need. She has adopted impoverished children and given them a life they would never have dreamed of. She is also constantly globe trotting to fulfill her new humanitarian obligations.

Is 7 inches a good size? Learn my thoughts on penis size below. I went from a small size of 5.5 inches to very well endowed.

In my opinion, 7 inches is a good size and here is why. When I sleep with a new partner, I always want to know that I am larger than the majority of men she has been with before me. It is just disheartening to think that a woman I really like and want to satisfy in bed has had men before me that were much larger and more satisfying. I want her to see my member for the first time and think, “WOW, lucky me!” At 7 inches, you will be larger than 84% of your competition out there. This is because 68% of guys measure between 6 and 7 inches, while 16% measure below 6 inches and 16% measure above 7 inches. So unless she is a “size queen” who only dates adult film stars, you will be considered large to most women!

Despite what some men fear, there just isn’t a huge variance in penis size distribution. As noted above, more than two-thirds of all men measure within one inch of each other (between 6 and 7 inches). The very large penis size (8 and 9 inches) that you see in adult films are the exception, just like the 7-foot-tall guys you see playing in the NBA. Conversely, very small penis sizes of 4 and 5 inches are rare, too, just like, say, men who measure below 5’4″ in height.

Penises, by and large, fall within a pretty narrow range, but at 7 inches or above you can be happy knowing you’re at the top of that range!

Madonna

Named after the musical icon, the Madonna piercing is placed on the right side of the face just above the upper lip. The exact location of Madonna’s own mole.

Monroe

There’s no more iconic beauty mark than Marilyn Monroe’s. The Monroe piercing is in homage to that. It is placed on the left side of the face just above the top lip, exactly where Marilyn’s beauty mark was.

Labret

While considered a lip piercing, with a labret the lip isn’t technically pierced. The labret is right below the bottom lip above the chin.

Medusa

The medusa piercing is placed in that little dip on the top of your lip below the nose. Placement is important here, as you don’t want to throw off the symmetry of your face. So find a good piercer.

Vertical Labret

A vertical labret has two holes. One is in the same place as a regular labret, with the second hole coming out of the middle of the bottom lip.

Jestrum

Jestrum piercings, also known as vertical medusas, are placed in the dip above the upper lip with the other end coming out the underside of the upper lip.

Spider Bites

Spider bite piercings are a pair of piercings close together. They are placed either on the top or bottom lip. Getting two piercings so close together at the same time can be painful, so you’ve been warned.

Angel Bites

Angel bite piercings are two evenly separated piercings on the upper lip. Think of them as a combination of Monroe and Madonna piercings. Snake bite piercings are the opposite of this.

Cyber Bites

Cyber bite piercings are a combination of medusa and labret. One hole is placed in the center just above the top lip with the other hole in the center just below the bottom lip.

Dolphin Bites

Dolphin bite piercings are two piercings centered on the lower lip close together. They are similar to snake bite piercings only closer in distance.

Dahlia Bites

Dahlia piercings are done at the corner of the mouth. You can get them done in pairs or only one done. They can be rings but studs are more popular.

Canine Bites

Canine bites are a combination of angel bites and snake bite piercings. Two piercings are placed above the upper lip with a distance between them, with two more placed even spaced below the bottom lip. This makes a total of four piercings.

Snake Bites

Snake bites consist of two piercings evenly spaced on the lower lip. This piercing can be done with either rings or stud.

Shark Bites

Shark bites are two close together piercings on either side of the bottom lip. This is four piercings total. It is essentially double spider bites.

Horizontal Lip

Horizontal lip piercings involve putting a horizontal barbell through the center of the bottom lip.

Ashley

The Ashley piercing is one of the most popular piercings. It is a single piercing placed in the center of the bottom lip. It is still a fairly new piercing so be sure to get it done by a professional.

Solid winter pool covers are by far the most common type sold today. They do a good job of protecting a pool during cold weather and retarding the growth of algae as the weather warms prior to opening a pool. Unfortunately, improper installation destroys many covers long before they should require replacement. Improper installation is often the reason. Here’s how to do it right and save money.

Once your pool is drained to the proper level, lines blown out, anti-freeze and winter chemicals added it’s cover time. The correct way to install a cover is very similar whether your pool is above ground or in-ground. Lay the cover over the top of the pool and ensure that the overlapping material is even all the way around. Once this is done place the securing hardware in position. For above ground pools this means threading the cable the loops or grommets and attaching the winch or tightener. For in-ground pools, install the water bags or Aqua Blocks through the retaining loops sewn into the cover.

The next step is to form the cover to the sides of the pool around the entire perimeter. The idea is to have the cover lie on top of the pool water for support and stay against the sides to prevent wind from getting underneath. After the cover is in properly in position, get out the garden hose and spray water on the cover to the depth of an inch or so. This holds the cover down. At this point you’re almost finished. For above ground pools, tighten the cable as tightly as possible and get the cable up under the top rail. For in-ground pools, fill the water bags or blocks about two-thirds full of water and make sure they are securely in position.

Tips and Tricks:

-Always buy a solid cover with as much overlap as possible. The standard 3 ft. above ground cover overlap in particular is a bare minimum. Four feet is better. Wind is a pool cover’s worst enemy. The best ways to ensure that wind doesn’t destroy a cover before its time is having enough overlap to more than cover the top rail. A new product called cover seal provides great insurance. Essentially a roll of industrial stretch film, cover seal is wrapped around the top rail over the cover and down the sides of the pool virtually eliminating any way for wind to get under a cover.

-Air pillows can save you money. Don’t use them and you’ll save.

-Hanging milk jugs on a winter cover is the best way to ensure you’ll replace it right away. Not only does the weight of the jugs put unnecessary stress on the cover, they virtually invite wind damage.

Installing your winter cover correctly pays dividends. Your cover will last longer and your pool will be easier to open in the spring. This is also the method winter pool cover manufacturers recommend. Not following their directions could void your warranty!

In the Economists Intelligence Unit’s recent report “hot spots” Singapore was ranked as the 3rd most competitive city globally and Asia’s highest ranked city out of 120 Global Markets, losing out only to New York and London.

Singapore spans a minuscule 275 miles and this reinforces the findings that density of population encourages competitiveness. The strong presence of such global economic powerhouses as Proctor & Gamble and Rolls Royce in the city-state, alongside new and innovative start-ups and technological research, have produced a dynamic economic environment that continues to attract corporations seeking entry into growing Asian markets.

Singapore has one of the highest per capita GDP in the world with a dynamic economy and strong service and manufacturing sectors, these sectors providing the strength and stability to Singapore’s economy. According to the World Bank Singapore’s gross domestic product is worth 223 Billion USD in other terms 0.36% of the world’s economy which is a major contribution, considering the afore-mentioned land size.

Singapore is ranked 2nd as the city with the best investment potential for the last sixteen consecutive years and is considered as a haven of stability and is also ranked in the top 3 in the world in foreign trade and investment. Furthermore a 2010 World Bank report ranked Singapore as the no.2 logistics hub in the world, ahead of Sweden, Netherlands and Asian super heavy weights China, Japan and Hong Kong.

All of the evidence coupled with strong fiscal outlook suggests that Singapore along with most of the other Asian countries will be next in line to take a stronghold on World markets in the near future.

Overall, Singapore is a modern metropolis and an Asian business centre that is a model of efficiency and a city state of endless possibilities for future investors.

Singapore is an ideal state to set up a company due to these exciting opportunities. Company formation in Singapore is relatively simple with 100% foreign shareholding permitted. Investors have the ability to set up and run a company in Singapore without having to relocate there. Most Singapore companies are usually registered as private limited liability companies (commonly known as private limited companies), meaning shareholders are not liable for debt beyond what they have invested. Foreign companies who wish to establish a corporate presence in Singapore, can choose to register ina number of ways. These include a Subsidiary Company, Branch Office or a Representative Office in Singapore. The most common approach is a Subsidiary Company.

When most people ask the question “how much does a vinyl pool liner cost?” they are usually looking for the cost to replace a vinyl liner in their swimming pool. The cost of purchasing the liner itself is only a portion of the cost to install a new liner in your swimming pool.

This article will answer both of these questions. First, liner pricing is based on the physical size of the liner itself and second whether the liner is being sold wholesale or retail. Finally the liner itself can be for an above ground pool or an in ground pool. In ground pool liners more expensive as the are almost always a custom ordered shape that is made specifically to fit that exact pool. Above ground vinyl liners are often made to fit generic pool shapes so they are less costly overall.

Bead style liners like used on inground pool installations are more expensive than overlap style liners used on above ground swimming pools. An above ground liner can cost as much as $600 – $1200 retail and about $300 – $800 wholesale to dealers and installers.

A typical pool installer will mark up the price of the liner by a few hundred dollars all the way up to 100% mark up over their cost. When you add inspections, repairs and installation of the pool and liner to that price it is easy to see why some people are interested in finding ways to reduce the cost of having a new vinyl liner installed.

Purchasing a vinyl liner online will get you almost the same discount that a professional pool installer would have from a local supplier. This can be a great way to save more than a little money, up to half the cost of the liner, except for one very large problem. Most vinyl liner installation professionals will not install a liner that a customer has measured and purchased directly, and if they do, they mark up their labor costs so high that any savings made by buying a vinyl liner this way are negated,

With inground vinyl liner pools you can average the cost of the liner installation to be around $3000 to $5000 which would include the liner, the pool preparation and the installation itself. The retail cost for in ground liners is around $2000 – $4000 with actual costs about half these values if you can find wholesale discounts.

The very best way to reduce the cost of installing a liner is to purchase one online at wholesale cast and install the liner yourself. This process can be completed in a weekend easily by two relatively inexperienced people, with professional installers doing upwards of three installations daily in the summer.

This would allow you to avoid all artificial cost increases such as mark up, labor, taxes and make sure that you are not overcharged by some unscrupulous liner installer. In most cases the tools needed to install a vinyl liner are minimal with little or no specialized tools or skills required.

Larger in ground pools are actually as easy to even easier to install than many small above ground pool liners. Large liners also have the highest markup on the retail price as well as installation costs so the larger your liner, the more money that you can expect to save.

Items like in wall stairs and lights can increase the cost of your liner installation and freeform pools generally a more difficult to measure and install than rectangle shaped pools. All pools should have a visual inspection as well as a pressure test of the plumbing system prior to installing a new liner to protect your investment.