To the casual observer, each wave in the ocean appears identical to the one that preceded it. One after another, they roll toward the shore, with little to distinguish them.

Surfers know better. They’re more in tune with the sea and recognise that numerous factors play a role. The presence or absence of any one of those factors has a significant effect on their shape.

To surfers, it’s both art and science, with nature generating the energy necessary to mold the ocean to its will. The result is a range of breaks, swells, and waves that surf enthusiasts aspire to master. In the space below, we’ll introduce you to the different types and describe what makes each of them unique.

How Are Surfing Waves Created?

Every wave is a result of solar energy, wind energy, and the ocean floor’s topography. The sun heats the earth, which generates wind. The wind pushes across the water, causing ripples. Momentum builds behind the ripples to ultimately form waves. At the same time, the topography of the sea floor helps to give them shape.

Different Types Of Swells And Breaks

A swell is a specific type of wave, generated by wind that blows across the ocean’s surface over a vast area (measured in kilometres). The energy builds and ultimately forms swells, which influence surf conditions.

You’ve probably heard the term “groundswell.” This swell is produced by winds blowing through large weather patterns, such as rainstorms. It travels long distances and holds considerable power.

Another is called a wind swell. It forms as a result of local winds, and hence contains less vigour than a groundswell.

Swells continue to gain energy deep waters. But as they approach shallower waters, that energy is discharged through a surf break. This occurs when the bottom portion is no longer able to support the top portion. It essentially collapses upon itself.

There are four kinds of surf breaks that are produced by swells: beach, point, reef, and shore. A beach break occurs when a wave makes contact with the sandy portion of the ocean floor; a point when a wave hits a piece of land; a reef when a wave touches a coral reef or similar mass, and a shore break results when it approaches the shore.

Types Of Surfing Waves Created By Various Breaks

The following waves can be found around the islands, as well as other spots throughout the world. The quality of the wave varies by location. It’s influenced by a number of factors, including the size of the underlying swell, the amount of wind, and the local currents.

Reforms break multiple times. This effect is the result of variations in the depth of the seabed.

Closeouts break all at once. Rather than breaking over a distance, they do so in one single breath.

Crumbly waves are ideal for those who are learning how to surf. They carry very little power and break softly.

Tubes are commonly ridden by pros and skilled amateurs. They create barrels in which the surfers ride. Most beginners avoid them, and for good reason.

Recognising the types of swells, breaks, and waves and understanding the mechanics behind how they’re created, will help you to better navigate them. You’ll learn how each one behaves, and be able to employ the proper surfing techniques to successfully ride them.

Having said that, nothing takes the place of experience. That means grabbing your board and venturing out.

When you were little, you will probably have been told how important it is to drink lots of water, especially if you had been running around. As you grew older, you may have kicked the drinking water habit, in favor of sodas, coffees and alcohol. However, if you’ve been diagnosed with fibromyalgia and drinking water is no longer part of your daily routine, then you may be missing out on the healing benefits water can bring.

To understand why you should drink water, you need to understand why your body needs water. Blood is made up of 90% water, your muscles 75% and bone has water content of 25%. Your body needs water to function and without sufficient water your body struggles to perform all its necessary tasks, like flushing toxins from the system and lubricating your cells.

So, how does drinking water effect fibromyalgia symptoms?

Fibromyalgia is a disorder that is made up of several debilitating symptoms. People who suffer from fibromyalgia have intense joint and muscle pains, disturbed or easily disrupted sleep, frequent headaches and can be plagued by irritable bowel syndrome. According to several studies, people with fibromyalgia may also have lower levels of magnesium and zinc in their bodies.

Water can help reduce these symptoms in a number of ways. Researchers have found that fatigue and headaches can be caused by not keeping the body sufficiently hydrated, so its important to keep your water intake up to help relieve these two symptoms.

Your immune system requires water to work at optimum levels. Having a healthy immune system will put less stress on the body and in turn may ease fibromyalgia symptoms.

We tend to lose around 10 cups of fluid a day through sweating, urinating and in bowel movements. All this fluid needs to be replaced to ensure the body is not put under further stress. By drinking water, these levels can be restored to normal, and the symptoms of fibromyalgia can be eased.

However, you may need to be careful over your choice of water. In a paper called The Cause of Fibromyalgia, author Jason A Uttley raises the question over fibromyalgia being linked to too much fluoride in the body as the symptoms of fluoride poisoning and fibromyalgia are almost identical. Fluoride is found in almost all tap water and so he drinking only pure water instead and eliminating other sources of fluoride, such as swapping to non-fluoride toothpaste.

Here are a few tips you can follow to ensure you are getting your water quota each day:

o Drink at least 8 eight ounce glasses of water a day, more if the weather is hot or you work up a sweat.

o Avoid diuretics, such as coffee, colas and tea. Diuretics can make your body lose water easily, and can act as stimulants. Caffeine can also remove magnesium from the body, a vital mineral that helps to control muscle cramps.

o If you do drink a caffeinated beverage for whatever purpose, make up for each cup by drinking two glasses of water. This will keep your body hydrated and help to flush toxins through.

o Avoid alcoholic beverages. These can also act as diuretics, especially if you are on a low carbohydrate diet.

Continue reading to discover how to sign up for the Relieve Fibromyalgia Newsletter and find out natural ways to relieve fibromyalgia symptoms.

There are many ways to ease the pain associated with fibromyalgia and drinking water is only one method to help you.

Ayub Kalule, born in January 1954, is unanimously regarded as the gem of Uganda boxers. Among his significant amateur accolades are the Africa (Kampala), Commonwealth Games (Christchurch), and World Championship (Havana) victories all achieved in 1974. Kalule was crowned Africa Sportsman of the Year for 1974.

Kalule whose father was a Kampala butcher, was an excellent soccer player and sprinter when he was a schoolboy. But he soon came across and was intrigued by an article on Muhammad Ali. The impetus to box was also provided by his older brother Zaid who was a good amateur boxer. Kalule trained and practiced with his brother. Though Kalule is right-handed, he largely took on the boxing stance of Zaid who was a southpaw. Kalule would develop a good jab and hook.

While on a Uganda boxing team tour in Scandinavia, early in 1976, Kalule met Danish promoter Mogens Palle who offered to place him in the professional ranks. Within a month, Kalule left Uganda for Denmark, together with his wife Ziyada, daughters Marian and Zajida. Offspring later born, in Denmark included daughter Dauswa and son Sadat. Pressure had been placed on Kalule to remain in the amateur ranks, but his outstanding boxing success, the prospects of lucrative paychecks abroad, and the deteriorating political and economic climate during those years of the Idi Amin military regime, encouraged many Uganda boxers to leave for Europe. Some of the other pugilists who left Uganda in the 1970’s to box in Europe include Vitalish Bbege, Shadrach Odhiambo, Mustapha Wasajja, Cornelius Bbosa-Edwards, and Joseph Nsubuga. But it was also an era in which the numbers of Africans entering the professional realm was accelerating. Many Kenyan and Nigerian boxing champions also migrated for the lucrative fighting opportunities.

Kalule debuted as a professional pugilist in April 1976 in Copenhagen. Contrary to popular belief, he was not part of the Uganda team that was selected for the consequently boycotted Olympics in Montreal (July 18- 31, 1976). The Uganda team for Montreal included John Baker Muwanga (bantamweight), Venostos Ochira (light-flyweight), Adroni Butambeki (flyweight), Cornelius Boza-Edwards (featherweight), David Ssenyonjo (lightweight), Jones Okoth (light-welterweight), Vitalish Bbege (welterweight), and John Odhiambo (light-middleweight). And though listed, Boza-Edwards (future professional world champion) had already migrated to England and even represented England in at least three dual tournaments in early 1976. They were against Ireland, Denmark, and USA, and Boza-Edwards won in all of them.

In November 1977, Kalule became the leading contender for the World boxing Association (WBA). However, it would be nearly a full two years later, even after suing and legal action by Kalule’s management, that Kalule would be given a chance at the title. Mogens Palle would spend $20000 on traveling and pressing the WBA to maintain Kalule as number one contender and give him a shot at the title. The WBA was recognized as an extravagant, carefree, and flashy “fraternal club of Latin Americans” manned principally by Panamanians who had lucrative ties with apartheid South Africa and the Far East. The WBA sanctioned ridiculous title bouts, while blocking boxers that were far highly ranked. Mogens Palle would charge:

“These WBA people are all liars. Unless you send them mail that is registered, they claim they never receive it. You ask… for the rules, and they say they’ll send them, but… never do. You ask for justice… they say be patient… They don’t want anyone to have the rules, so no one will know when they are breaking them. When only the top people have the rules, they can play any game they want.” (Putman 1981)

Kalule became the Commonwealth middleweight champion when he knocked out Al Korovou of Fiji in May 1978 in Copenhagen. His biggest crown was his win over the Japanese Masashi Kudo whom he defeated in Tokyo, in October 1979, for the WBA junior-middleweight belt. His shot at the world title, for which he had been the foremost contender for more than a year, had for long been overdue. Kalule successfully defended his title four times, all the bouts in Denmark. At this time, apart from that one time in Tokyo, Kalule had never fought professionally outside Denmark. Kalule had, after tennis star Bjorn Borge, become the next renowned sports celebrity in Denmark.

The boxing world was quite divided as to who would win in the bout between 24 year-old “Sugar” Ray Charles Leonard and undefeated 27 year- old Kalule. Leonard had watched tapes of Kalule boxing and he said that he was, “quite impressed with Kalule’s constant attack; he fights with determination.” (AP 1981: 9)

Kalule’s strength lay in his being ambidextrous, in his strength, in his hard body, and in his stamina which were major factors in his wearing down opponents. But Kalule was more of a body-banger than a head-hunter. Though undefeated, Kalule’s knockout record was not excellent. Kalule had knocked out 18 of his opponents in his 36 professional bouts. And though impressed with aspects of Kalule, 5’10” Ray Leonard regarded 5’9″ Kalule as merely an advanced amateur fighter who in the ring stands straight-up in typical European style and goes directly to his opponent. And according to Leonard, Kalule was not fast enough in the ring. Though Kalule respected Leonard’s skills and status, Kalule was disappointed that popular Leonard was being treated as a Muhammad Ali, while he himself was being treated as the mediocre opponent and underdog.

While Leonard acknowledged that Kalule was a fit and well conditioned boxer who would be difficult to beat, the American predicted that he would end the fight within 10 rounds. On the other hand, renowned trainer Bob Arum was apparently Kalule’s biggest booster. He remarked, I expect it to go 15 tough rounds and I expect people to be standing at the end waiting to hear who won, and that winner being Kalule” (UPI 1981: 13). Kalule who had never been knocked down in a professional bout was adamant that Leonard had never faced an opponent like him, and that he would take his title back to Denmark. Kalule trained for much longer hours in the gym than did Leonard. Kalule’s trainer Borge Krogh, and his masseur Tage Nielsen were confident about their Ugandan fighter. Leonard, the World Boxing Council (WBC) welterweight champion would be attempting, in the quest for Kalule’s title, to become boxing’s only current dual title-holder. Impressive Leonard had only lost one fight in his professional career–a loss to legendary Roberto Duran of Panama.

In December 1979, in Denmark, 25 year-old Kalule defended his newly acquired WBA junior-middleweight title against American Steve Gregory who happened to be ranked third in the world. Gregory was also a sparring partner of Ray Leonard, both under renowned coach Angelo Dundee who was in Gregory’s corner during the fight with Kalule. Some suggested that Gregory was deliberately matched and sent over to Denmark as a test for the possible future Kalule vs. Leonard bout. Though Gregory was undefeated and highly ranked, he had not been as tested in the ring with tough opponents–he was the underdog.

Kalule outclassed and would out-point Gregory, whose hand became injured in the first round and who spent most of the time back-pedaling or hanging against the ropes, by a wide margin. The winner would take home an impressive $80000, and the loser grossed $40000. The world championship bout with Leonard, which was broadcast on short- circuit television, took place at Astrodome in Houston, amidst a crowd of between 25000 and 30000, on 25 June 1981. Leonard was guaranteed gross earnings of at least $2.5 million; while Kalule was guaranteed at least $150000. This would be Kalule’s greatest fight. Surprisingly, Leonard was in the first and second round the attacker of the solidly built Kalule. Leonard was the faster and more agile of the two boxers. This enabled him to hit Kalule as the champion struggled to figure Leonard out. Leonard’s compact jab convincingly penetrated Kalule’s defenses. The third round differed. Later on it would be revealed that a left hook delivery to Kalule’s head had resulted in the bruising of Leonard’s middle finger. The handicap would became permanent. Though the injury was troubling, Leonard valiantly attacked Kalule in round four, even dazing him a couple of times. Finishing Kalule off still remained hard, as Leonard seemed to ran into a brick wall each time he tried to subdue Kalule. The powerful exchange demonstrated just how unyielding and sturdy Kalule was.

Into round five, Kalule would establish control, mostly with his right hand. In round seven Kalule delivered a right to the challenger’s head. The blow knocked the Leonard off-balance. The challenger did recover, but Kalule gained confidence. Kalule exerted more toughness in the eighth round; Leonard was tiring and Kalule was establishing the upper hand. The ninth round was interesting. The pugilists looked exhausted but determined. The non-stop and no-holding exchange that had continued from the beginning of the bout did not show signs of waning.

Sturdy Kalule went on absorbing the challenger’s faster and more accurate punches in exchange for champion’s bruising, ambidextrous, and unpredictable blows. However the challenger did seem to sense that given the formidability of Kalule, the best solution would be for him to take the risk of delivering a quick flurry of combinations that would potentially disable Kalule. Leonard seemingly sensed that strong Kalule was also getting tired and slowing down. Near the end of round 9, Leonard delivered a series of hard combinations that seemingly confused the champion. A flash right hand knocked Kalule to the ground into a sitting position. He did not seem to be unduly hurt. He got up at the count of six, and backed up to the ropes of the neutral corner to further recover. The referee looked into Kalule’s face as he continued to count. Though Kalule stood up straight, the referee might not have been convinced that Kalule was ready to continue fighting. Kalule, who had heretofore never been knocked down and was probably temporarily at loss about how to react, did not raise his gloves to his face and step forward from the ropes to indicate as is the tradition, that he was ready to continue. The referee waved off the fight! Kalule appeared to be stunned by the stoppage, he shrugged his shoulders and arms in a protesting stance.

Most spectators probably opined that the fight was stopped prematurely, especially given that it was a global championship bought and given that Kalule was conscious enough to continue. Also, before the referee stopped counting, the ninth round had ended… but the bell was not rang. Ultimately, the fight was ruled as having been stopped at 3 minutes and 6 seconds of the ninth round. Kalule had hence been entitled to a minute-long stool corner interval, before moving on to the tenth round. Was the stoppage deliberate or otherwise a case of language miscommunication between Kalule and the Panamanian Spanish-speaking referee Carlos Berrocal who was also an assigned judge in the fight? Also one of the two-ringside judges was a Panamanian (Harmodio Cedeno), the other one was a Puerto Rican (Ismael Wiso Fernandez). And this was USA territory, popular Sugar Ray Leonard was a golden Olympian, one regarded as Muhammad Ali’s successor in terms of speed, skill, antics, and looks. Before the fight was stopped, the referees had scored Leonard as ahead by a couple of points: Berrocal (78-76), Cedeno (78-76), Fernandez (78-75).

Would Leonard have defeated Kalule if the fight had been allowed to continue? Probably. But though Kalule’s side was partly disappointed about the seemingly pre-mature stoppage of the fight, they were graceful about it and even conceded defeat. Kalule had planned to mount a full attack on Leonard after the ninth round, but then the knockdown had derailed the plan. Kalule, with his reserve of stamina was accustomed to fighting full bouts to the end. This was a 15-round title fight. Kalule conceded that Leonard was physically stronger than he had expected, Leonard admitted that Kalule was one of the best fighters that he had encountered. At this point only Roberto Duran of Panama had blemished Leonard’s record. Leonard would later in the year, in September 1981, defeat fellow American Thomas Hearns and be crowned USA Boxer of the Year. The fight with Kalule was regarded as a build-up for the fight against Hearns. A photo of Ayub Kalule fighting Ray Leonard graced the cover of “Sports Illustrated” of 6 July 1981.

After the fight with Leonard, Kalule would continue to fight at an average of three bouts a year–mostly in Denmark. He failed to recover the WBA junior middleweight title when he was knocked out in the tenth round by American Davey Moore in the middle of July 1982 in New Jersey. In November also in Atlantic City, in a non-title bout with Jamaican legend Mike McCallum, Kalule retired in the seventh round. In July 1985, in Copenhagen, Kalule won the vacant European Boxing Union (EBU) middleweight title when he knocked out Pierre Joly from Martinique. In December Kalule successfully defended his EBU title with a split decision win over legendary Sumbu Kalambay from Congo. In September 1986, in Sheffield, the Ugandan lost the title to Herol Graham when he was knocked out in the tenth round. This spelled the end of Kalule’s professional boxing career in which he impressively won 46 fights (23 knockouts), lost 4 (all by knockout), and drew none. He now lives in Uganda.

Works Cited

AP, “Sugar Ray Calls Foe ‘Advanced Amateur’.” Milwaukee Sentinel, (23 June, 1981).

Putman, Pat. “Fighting the Rulers of the WBA.” Sports Vault Illustrated (23 March 1981).

UPI. “Leonard, Hearns Fight Tonight.” Logansport Pharos-Tribune (25 June, 1981).

A quick Google search will produce countless articles trying to understand the
popularity of 'ringtones'; hundreds of bloggers waxing lyrical on the benefits of
personalizing their cell phones. Interviews with "experts" proving sexy theories
about ringtones and identity construction lend an academic seriousness to the
Crazy Frog phenomena. The figures are pretty serious too, in the USA alone, the
Yankee Group predicts, ringtones will be worth $ 500 million. That's rough the
GDP of Fiji.
Obviously our cell phones needs a voice, but does that voice need to be a
polyphonic adaptation of 'Living on a Prayer'?

The latest figures indicate that young people are the greatest consumers of mobile
music. According to one UK survey, 15-24 year olds account for 80% of ringtone
spending. Studies by Nick Anderson of Sussex University show that young people
are far more aware of the "brand personalty" (the particular identity associated with
certain brands) than older generations. Anderson suggests that teenagers can
deduce a person's character, likes and dislikes, by their branded possessions.
Considering the amount of branding in the music industry, it's not unreasonable to
say that popular musicians have their own "brand personality". So, your 50 Cent
ringtone, for example, communicates not only a taste in music, but also your
compliance to the whole 'Fiddy' meme. Ultimately, for brand savvy youth, this says
something about your personality, which, you hope, everyone within earshot
understands.

If a cell phone rings but nobody is around to hear it, they are still down with 50
Cent? Ringtones are about personalization, and about public performance. The
publicness of the ringtone is an integral part of its appeal. It's illegally that anyone
would have a ringtone on their landline. In a noisy urban soundscape like the city,
silence is an anomaly. Personalized ringtones are simply another irritating sound in
the hullabaloo. Most of us manage tune out the sounds imposed on us: muzak,
hawkers, traffic, The O'Reilly Factor, so why try and impose yet another squawk?
Perhaps the ringtone is the audio equivalent of territorial pissing; thirty seconds in
which YOU pick the soundtrack. For a few moments when your cell phone rings the
50 Cent meme is the most powerful in the sonic environment. Where "Fiddy" is
relatively redundant as a social force, certain ringtones allow citizens to
demonstrate their dissatisfaction or support of a cause. Independent radio station
WFMU have created a variety of anti-George W. Bush ringtones available for
download, while engadget.com allows users to choose their preferred presidential
candidate ringtone. Condemning other commuters to several cycles of 50 Cent, the
theme from 'Star Wars' or a Dubya quote demonstrates your individual tastes and
allows others distinguish you as either nemesis or brethren.

In our efforts to tie poverty, impede environmental disaster or cure the global
AIDs epidemic, ringtones are totally and utterly useless. When it comes to enforcement
the myth that every individual is special, the artificial uniqueness of a personalized
ringtone is just the ticket. Paradoxically, this demonstration of individualism is only
really effective in a crowd. As far as this writer's concern the real purpose of
ringtones lies in their ridiculousness. A recent gathering of sensible adults turned to
hilarity thanks to an improvised game of "Name that tune". Using Foovely's ringtone
preview function, those collected took turns choosing snippets of songs for the
party to guess. Recognizing a song in 30 seconds is so much
harder in monophone!

Having a hard time deciding where to have your honeymoon vacation? There are many locations that you can explore, and all of them are unique and amazing. However, if you need a little help getting started, look below for a list of popular honeymoon destinations.

Mexico

Do you and your soon-to-be spouse love to explore? If yes, you want to go to Mexico.  It is filled with an amazing and extremely rich history. While you are there you can visit Oaxaca to see the Mayan temples. You could also visit the coast. The waters are warmer and clearer than most other places around the world which makes it perfect for scuba diving.

Venice, Italy

There are few locations that are associated with love. Among these, Venice, Italy stands unique. It is built upon water and lit up like Christmas. You can take a late night boat ride through the streets while viewing the beautifully unique architecture. Afterward, you can dock at a restaurant, and sample some of Italy’s famous cuisine, Or maybe some of there delicious Gelato.

Tropical

Tropical honeymoons have great romantic potential. Beautiful sunrises, romantic sunsets, and warm midnight walks make it is obvious why it has become so popular over the course of this past century. Looking for a location that is a little more exotic than Hawaii? Why not try Jamaica, St. Lucia, The Bahamas, or even Fiji. There really is no limit to the destinations. You have got a whole world to explore. More importantly, you have got someone to explore it with you. 

Recent studies reveal that anxiety disorders are common in the United States. Anxious people are susceptible to excessive fear and nervousness, which can sometimes occur out of the blue and hinder one’s ability to function normally. People with an anxiety disorder also experience an array of physical symptoms such as increased heartbeat, shortness of breath, dizziness, etc., which are, apparently, the warning signs that need to be recognized at the earliest.

Anxiety disorders are primarily classified into several disorders such as generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder and social anxiety disorder (SAD). Fortunately, most of these conditions can be treated with medication such as antidepressants, anti-anxiety medicines, or both, along with therapies such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and exposure therapy. However, there are certain unconventional natural ways, which can go a long way in curbing these symptoms.

Some of the herbal remedies that can help relieve anxiety symptoms are:

1. Kava: Also known as Kava kava, the herb originated at least 3,000 years ago and was traditionally consumed by people living around the Pacific Ocean, including Fiji, Vanuatu, Hawaii and Polynesia. The roots of kava are fermented to create a drink that works wonders for a worried mind and can alleviate anxiety. It is a highly effective and useful herb for treating social anxiety.
2. Passionflower: The herb is used to prepare medicines for insomnia, gastrointestinal problems related to anxiety or nervousness, GAD and others. Studies have shown that the herb is effective in relieving symptoms of anxiety and lowering brain activity, thereby relaxing the mind. However, one must refrain from using it on a regular basis as it can cause several side effects such as dizziness, confusion, rapid heart rate, etc.
3. Valerian: A herb which is generally used to treat sleep disorder is also an effective treatment for anxiety-related conditions. Valerian is beneficial in reducing anxiety and insomnia as it contains sedative compounds. The herb does not have an appealing smell and is difficult to drink that is why people generally take it in the form of a capsule or tincture.
4. Chamomile: Chamomile tea has been in use for centuries to provide relief in problems such as an upset stomach, sleep disorders and so on. The amazing herb is also an effective treatment for anxiety. Brewed in a tea or taken as a supplement, chamomile is a great way to ease the mind and relieve exhausted nerves.
5. Lavender: Studies show that lavender is one of the most effective herbs to treat anxiety disorders. A calming and relaxing herb, lavender is useful in treating insomnia, anxiety, depression and to naturally relieve stress.

The scent of the lavender flower helps induce sleep and relax stressed babies. In fact, smelling lavender, or drinking lavender-infused tea, can immediately calm down a person.

Seeking professional help

Though natural remedies can be effective in managing anxiety, it is advisable to seek professional help if the disorder starts disrupting an individual’s daily routine. The treatment depends on the type of anxiety disorder and its severity. Anxiety disorders can be treated with behavioral therapy, medications or a combination of the two.

How many of you like to travel? As human beings, almost all of us hold within them desire to travel, visiting previously unseen places, exploring uncharted territory (though, quite frankly, there aren’t many places which can claim to be uncharted territory in this century of ours). Now, the point is, could all of us, or could any of us, our love for travel notwithstanding, be able to actually enjoy travelling and the associated benefits like getting to see new places, getting to learn about a new culture etc. unless we had the power of sight, isn’t it??

Importance of eyes

I mean, how could we gasp at the sight of the now extinct Fiji volcano, or how could we enjoy the lush greenery of the Canadian woods, or say, how could we see the almost dreamlike Taj Mahal on a moonlit night, or, how could we see the love our parents had or still have for us if we did not possess this God given power of eyesight?

Medical ailments associated with the eye

It is in these circumstances, that we come to realize the importance of our eyes, for being eyes is living in the 21st century with any light, that is, existing in primeval darkness without any light or illumination. And since the topic of darkness has been brought up, why not talk about how sad or depressed or irritated we feel when load shedding occurs? In those moments, we realize, even if for a short amount of time, what it means to be blind, or without eyesight. Now, obviously, eyes too have their own set of diseases right or diseases which have an effect on them as well?

Read on further to know about one such disease or medical condition of the eyes which has a global outreach.

Autism

Autism is or can be defined as a disease or a medical condition which leads to social awkwardness and repetition of thought or behavior or patterns in the same.

Papillary responses

Scientific studies have shown that infants or older children with autism tend to have an increased sensitive response to light, that is, they exhibit a strong papillary light reflex, when exposed to it. When further studies were conducted, they showed that infants had a higher tendency of being diagnosed with autism then the general population as they exhibited this strong papillary response more than the general population of adults did.

What are papillary responses?

Papillary responses can be defined as the responses of the nerves of the eyes when exposed to a particular optic environment, or an environment which contains varying degrees or types of light. The responses can be extreme, or, they can be normal or, they can be below average.

Conclusion

Therefore, autism can be said to be a disease or medical deficiency which leads to social awkwardness and repetition of thoughts and behavior, and one of its most visible symptoms with respect to the eyes is the strong papillary response or hypersensitivity to light.

This is a list of the best places to go on that one special trip which will give us memories to last a lifetime that most of us get the chance to do once. Whether it’s a European destination to experience or a more tropical one to simply lounge around, this is a list of the very best honeymoon destinations to go after you’ve tied the knot. These are the best honeymoon destinations.

15. Fiji

Fiji is an island nation in Melanesia in the South Pacific Ocean, made up of over 320 islands to snorkel, fish, kayak or just hang out on the beach. If you are planning a honeymoon and want to be pampered check out this hotel Yasawa Island Resort & Spa

14. Koh Samui, Thailand

An amazing climate, friendly people, exotic food and crystal clear water make Koh Samui a top choice to spend the first days of marriage together. If you are looking for luxury you cannot go past Sandalwood Luxury Villas.

13. Santorini, Greece

Anywhere in Greece is a good choice really but we had to pick one and Santorini it is. With one of the most spectacular sunsets in the world, it will feel very special sharing that view with your special someone. Have a look at the view from this hotel Astra Suites.

12. Mauritius

Mauritius, officially the Republic of Mauritius is an island nation in the Indian Ocean about 2,000 kilometres off the south east coast of the African continent. With glorious beaches, sparkling water and some of the most secluded spots to enjoy a island picnic this island nation is as good as it gets. Anahita The Resort

11. The Cook Islands

The Cook Islands is an island nation in the South Pacific Ocean, it is made up of 15 small islands whose total land area is 240 square kilometres. This destination would be a secluded getaway and as luxurious as you want for your honeymoon. Sanctuary Rarotonga-on the beach

10. The Bahamas

The Bahamas, is a country consisting of more than 3,000 islands, cays and islets in the Atlantic Ocean, north of Cuba. With white sandy beaches, swaying palm trees and more tropical drinks than you can poke a stick at the Bahamas is a great choice for a honeymoon. Radisson Resort Grand Lucayan Bahamas

9. Maui, Hawaii

The warm, tranquil waters of Maui with, the breathtaking, natural beauty of the island make for a spectacular honeymoon destination. For a great place to stay check out the Four Seasons Resort Maui At Wailea.

8. Madrid, Spain

An energetic, young and vibrant city in Spain with plenty to do and see, enjoy all the city has to offer from the luxury of the Ritz Hotel

7. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

A world class destination with beaches, clubs, forests, Christ the redeemer overlooking the city. Some upcoming events include the Olympics and the soccer world cup with Carnival and the amazing Brazilian people it is a special place. Stay at Relais & Chateaux Santa Teresa Hotel

6. Rome, Italy

The Colosseum, the trevi fountain, museums, pizza, wine, walking along side history Rome has a romance that surrounds the city and to share that with your partner is something special. Stay at the Eden Hotel

5. Edinburgh, Scotland

While dramatic windswept hills make Edinburgh a site to behold, its rich history makes it a city to remember. From the world-famous Edinburgh Castle, to St. Giles Cathedral, to Real Mary King’s Close and the Museum of Scotland, the sites are plentiful. Enjoy your stay at The Caledonian – a Waldorf Astoria Hotel

4. Venice, Italy

There aren’t many things in the world that say romance like the canals of Venice, imagine sitting in a gondola with your new bride or groom sweeping down the canals at sunset. Perfect. Have a look at the Bauer Hotel for a great place to stay.

3. Paris, France

The absolute idea of romance, Paris has been the city of love and French the language of love, the seine river, beautifully ornate bridges, museums and of course the Eiffel tower make this one of the most romantic places on earth. If you want some hints tips and general info check out this site. http://www.paulineinparis.com Where to stay? Luxury Parisian style Le Burgundy Hotel

2. The Maldives

Just a step behind the number one best honeymoon destination but you do have to make a choice somehow. The Maldives are our number two choice for the best honeymoon destinations. If you are looking for those idilic hotels that make you relax just thinking about them then don’t go past this one Niyama By Per Aquum.

1. Bora Bora, Tahiti

Synonymous with crystal clear water, luxury and the top of every bodies dream destination Bora Bora, Tahiti is the ultimate honeymoon destination, Just look at the picture above, you can just about hear the water lapping at your feet as you and your partner chill out in the over water bungalows. Take me away now! have a look at the Hilton Bora Bora Nui Hotel pricey for some but how can you place a price tag on those memories?

Daniel Kertcher is the CEO and Founder of Platinum Pursuits. He is well known as an expert within Australian wealth and stock trading education. Born in 1972 Toronto, Canada, he moved to Australia when he was 16. He completed his degree, Bachelor of Science at University of Queensland with a major in Neurophysiology (Brain Research).

In 1993, he joined the real estate industry and was soon promoted to off-shore manager for the company. In 1995 he became an accredited Real Estate agent and started his own agency with his business partner and mother, Sharyn. The agency focused on property, including investment, development, sales, on-site management and maintenance.

Destiny made him met two gentlemen living in New Zealand, Max Lewis and Bruce Barnard both having an experience of more than 30 years in technical analysis and stock trading education. He employed both of them to teach him the guru mantras of stock trading and was so impressed that he offered to setup a company together.

In 1998, MetaShare International was formed with its first office at Auckland, New Zealand. MetaShare provides training courses in technical analysis and stock trading education.Today MetaShare has more than 3500 customers and offices located in Brisbane, Melbourne, Auckland, Sydney, and regional teams in Wellington and Christchurch.

Daniel Kertcher is an optimized personality seeking growth. He attended an Anthony Robbins Personal Development course in Fiji and later returned to inform the Directors of MetaShare that he was selling his share in the company. At age 27, he had decided to retire and focus on his own trading portfolio. Soon after he met his wife, Julie. Due to an overwhelming response to Daniel's presentations at Anthony Robbins Wealth Mastery seminars he decided to build his own company based around stock trading education and the skills that had made him financially independent at a young age.

He laid the foundation of Platinum Pursuits in 2001 and provides technical strategies to companies seeking guidance through stock trading education. Platinum Pursuits provide live courses and home Studies packages. Today Daniel spends 4-5 months a year providing technical seminars internationally for Platinum Pursuits and the rest balancing his own personal development, investments, business, charity, personal leisure and spiritual interests.

History

• One of the oldest classical languages in the world is the Tamil language. Studies show that an ancient but deformed form of Tamil called Tamazight is spoken by one of the tribes in Cameroon in Africa.
• In Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka, historians have found Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions. However, they have not succeeded in providing an exact date of its origin. It is believed that the language has been spoken since 500 BC.
• During the pre-colonial era Tamil was one of the main languages used for trade.
• The ancient principality of Kamarinadu existed between India and Ethiopia. Ancient Tamils conquered Kamarinadu, which connected India and Ethiopia, and spread the language to Africa.
• It is one of the most difficult and oldest languages in the country (more than 50,000 years old). This Dravidian language is one of the major South Indian languages, and is spoken by over 60 million people in Singapore, India, Malaysia and Sri Lanka. The original Indians spoke Sanskrit in North, Tamil in South, and Austro-Asiatic in the east.
• It is believed that the Mayans of the Maya Civilization of South America were actually Tamils and spoke a dialect of Tamil. Studies also show that the language of the Jews, Hebrew, derived from Tamil. This is because of the Tamil exodus to Africa via the middle-east.

Facts and numbers

• Tamil has obtained the classical status. In fact, it’s one of the first languages to attain this status.
• Today, Tamil is spoken not only in Tamil Nadu, but also in northern Sri Lanka, Singapore, Malaysia, Mauritius, South Africa and Fiji. 1% of the world’s population are Tamil speaking people, and it is the 15th most spoken language in the world.
• Tamil has been bestowed with official language status in quite a few countries, and it is one of most widely spoken languages in the world.

Origin

Tamils are of Dravidian origin. The four major Dravidian (South Indian) languages are Kannada, Tamil, Malayalam and Telugu. Among the Dravidian language family Tamil is considered as the foremost language. The Dravidians form the majority of the population of south India, and there are around 220 million native speakers of Dravidian languages in the world.

Diglossia – spoken and written

Tamil uses two dialects or languages, and when a language community uses two dialects it is known as diglossia. They are known as H or ‘high’ type and the L or ‘low’ type in linguistic parlance. The H or ‘high’ type is found in literature. It is also used in religious ceremonies and education as it is more formal, traditional and esteemed. The ‘low’ type is used in everyday parlance. The ‘high’ type is found in ancient Tamil texts, which are a storehouse of knowledge. They have been translated into many languages and are appreciated by people across the globe.