Several legal reforms have taken place since independence in India, including on equal share of daughters to property. Yet equal status remains illusive .Establishment of laws and bringing practices in conformity thereto is necessarily a long drawn out process. The government, the legislature, the judiciary, the media and civil society has to perform their roles, each in their own areas of competence and in a concerted manner for the process to be speedy and effective.
To quote Justice Sujata V. Manohar of Supreme Court of India

“…It is not easy to eradicate deep seated cultural values or to alter traditions that perpetuate discrimination. It is fashionable to denigrate the role of law reform in bringing about social change. Obviously law, by itself, may not be enough. Law is only an instrument. It must be effectively used. And this effective use depends as much on a supportive judiciary as on the social will to change. An active social reform movement, if accompanied by legal reform, properly enforced, can transform society.”

Historical perspective
An effective social reform movement does need the help of law and a sympathetic judiciary to achieve its objectives. Women empowerment, equal rights to both men and women, equal share of property, etc., are some of the issues which we discuss everyday, in life, newspaper and on television. But the reality which bites is that these issues are still “unresolved”. Not much has actually been done to create equality between the male and female gender. The male still dominates society.

If it’s a matter of property, then legally male dominate the society. There are numerous laws that say that there should be no discrimination between the sexes, but in reality none are effective enough to actually bring about a revolution; a change in society.

According to the Indian Succession Act, 1925, everyone is entitled to equal inheritance, except Hindus, Sikhs, Jains, Buddhists and Muslims. Under this act, the daughter of a person dying intestate would be entitled only to one-fourth of the son’s share, or Rs. 5,000/- (Sthree Dhan), whichever is lesser. The Travancore High Court, however, held that the Indian Succession Act would have no application to the Christian women of the Travancore State in view of the Travancore Christian Succession Act, 1916. Under the State Act, the daughter of a person dying intestate would be entitled only to one-fourth of the son’s share or Rs. 5,000/- (Sthree Dhana) whichever is lesser. The application of the State Act was challenged in the Supreme Court in the famous Mary Roy’s Case (Mary Roy Vs. State of Kerala, AIR 1986 SC 1011; 1986(2) SCC 209). The Court ruled that the Cochin and Travancore Christian Succession Acts had ceased to be operative on the Reorganization of States and that automatically made the Indian Succession Act applicable to all Kerala Christians bestowing on them equal inheritance rights.

The Hindu Enactment Act, 1956, established that women have equal inheritance rights, as men; and it abolished life estate of female heirs. However, this law could not do the needful as there was another law, the Mitakshara coparcenaries (Hindu Law) that overruled the previous law.
According to Mitakshara coparcenaries, in a joint family, a daughter gets a much smaller share of property compared to the son. While the father’s property is shared equally between brother and sister; the brother, in addition, is entitled to a share in the coparcenaries from which the sister is excluded .For example, if the family owns a dwelling house, then the daughter’s right is confined only to the right of residence and not possession or ownership.

Recommendations of Women Committees/Commissions on Status of Women in India

In 1975 a committee on the status of women was constituted by the Government of India, to evaluate the current legal provisions in regards to women , so that that a women is not left completely destitute.

Some important recommendations which were made by this committee were that legislative measures should be taken to bring Christian women of Kerala under the Indian Succession Act. The Indian Succession Act should be extended to Goa and Pondicherry respectively to undo the relegation of widows to fourth position in matters of succession and to undo the inferior position to which Christian women are relegated by not being considered as full owners of property. In regards to succession to property among Hindus, the right by birth should be abolished and the Mitakshara co-parcenary should be converted into Dayabhaga (the retention of Mitakshara co-parcenary perpetuates inequality between sons and daughters as only males can be co-parceners, and inheritance is only through the male line). The exception provided in Section 4 (2) of the Hindu Succession Act relating to devolution of tenancies should be abolished (this provision, as it stands now excludes devolution of tenancy rights under various State Laws from the scope of the Act).

The discrimination between married and unmarried daughters regarding right of inheritance of dwelling houses caused under Section 23 of the Hindu Succession Act should be removed.
The right of testation should be limited under the Hindu Succession Act, such that female heirs are not deprived of their inheritance rights. There is need for legislation in Muslim Law to give equal share of property to the widow and daughter along with sons as done in Turkey.

In Matrimonial property, legal recognition should be given to the economic value of the contribution made by the wife through household work for purposes of determining ownership of matrimonial property, instead of continuing the archaic test of actual financial contribution; On divorce or separation, the wife should be entitled to at least one-third of the assets acquired at the time of and during the marriage.

The National Commission for Women had also recommended certain amendments in laws related to women and property. Under Indian Succession Act, 1925 it suggested that Sections 15 and 16 of the Act, should be amended, removing mandatory linkage of wife’s domicile with that of the husband. Further, it recommended that appointment of testamentary guardian may be the right of both the parents acting concurrently. Widows should be granted letter of administration to deal with the Estate of the deceased husband unless excluded by the Court for sufficient reasons (Section 219 (a)).and application made by the widow to be disposed of within a year (Section 218 (2).In Hindu Succession Act, 1956 It suggested that equal distribution should be made of not only separate or self acquired properties of the diseased male, but also of undivided interests in co-parcenary property. Daughter of a co-parcener in a Hindu joint family governed by Mitakshara Law to be co-parcener by birth in her own right in the same manner as her son; she should have right of claim by survivorship and to have same liabilities and disabilities as a son ;further co-parcenary property to be divided and allotted in equal share.

The right of any heir to claim partition of a dwelling house to arise only after settlement of widowed mother’s rights is disposed with in case the deceased male is intestate.
A remarkable dent in this situation was made by the Hindu Succession [Andhra Pradesh] Amendment Act, 1985, which initiated a remarkable development. This law stated that, in any circumstances, the rights of the daughter are equal to that of the son. This new law found the Mitakshara system in violation of the fundamental right of equality bestowed upon women in Indian Constitution. Following Andhra Pradesh, the States of Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra and Kerala subsequently also amended their laws by including women as members of the coparcenaries.
The Rajya Sabha on August 16, 2005, passed the Hindu Succession (Amendment) Bill, 2004, (Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005,) which is now a law, giving daughters and sons equal rights to property. According to this law, any woman, irrespective of the marital status, has full right to inherit ancestral property just like a son of the family. This law has completely abolished the Hindu Succession Act 1956 by giving equal rights to daughters in the ‘Hindu Mitakshara Coparcenary property’, as sons have. If however, any of the parents have built some property and have made a will of their own, this law would be ineffective.

Myth

Earlier, the law use to put the male heirs on a higher footing by providing that they shall inherit an additional independent share in co-parcenary property over and above what they inherit equally with female heirs; the very concept of co-parcenary was that of “an exclusive male membership club” .Now this concept has` been abolished . But surprisingly, even today, even after the new law, co-parcenary remains a primary entitlement of males; no doubt law provides for equal division of share between all heirs, male and female on the death of a male co-parcener, but in practice the scene is totally different .Legally, Intestate self acquired property devolves equally between male and female heirs; but , even toady female heirs are asked to relinquish their share by making relinquishment deeds on their signature and are commonly submitted in courts. If the intestate property includes a dwelling house, the female heirs have no right to partition until the male heirs choose to divide their respective shares. If a Hindu female dies intestate, her property devolves first to husband’s heirs, then to husband’s father’s heirs and finally only to mother’s heirs; thus the intestate Hindu female property is kept within the husband’s lien.

Conclusion

To actually achieve equal inheritance for all, the laws have been amended. In regard to succession to property among Hindus, the right by birth has been abolished and the Mitakshara School co-parcenary of Hindu Law has been converted into Dayabhaga School that means equal distribution of not only separate or self acquired properties of the diseased male, but also of undivided interests in coparcenary property. Daughter of a coparcener in a Hindu joint family governed by Mitakshara Law now is coparcener by birth in her own right in the same manner as a son; she has right of claim by survivorship and has same liabilities and disabilities as a son; now co-parcenary property to be divided and allotted in equal share. The theoretical reforms so far have not been adequate to give all Indian women a right to property on the same footing and terms as men. It varies with region and religion. Even where law has given a right, conventions and practices do not recognize them. Women themselves relinquish their rights. Women, as daughters, wives, daughters-in-law, mothers or sisters tend to lose out and often suffer deprivation. This further gets accentuated when they lose the security of the family, as single women, divorced/separated or widowed. Social awareness of the rights under law, attitudes to adhere to it and a mindset to change law and practice to ensure social justice is therefore urgent.
Therefore a social reform movement is necessary for such awareness and change of mindset. Since ‘marriage’ is the most traditional institution of initiating a family and preserving it, let registration of marriages be made compulsory It is suggested that to achieve more power for women we must Increase awareness of laws through education institutions, general awareness and legal awareness programmes; sensitize Judiciary, administrators and legislators about implementation of laws in letter and spirit; consider long pending recommendations for amendments of legal provisions on inheritance and strengthen the administrative machinery for the purpose.

The old-fashioned autocratic manager who ruled with an iron hand and controlled everything from the top has pretty much vanished from the management scene. Not many regret his passing. There is no doubt that today’s enterprises operate far more humanely than did their old school predecessors, at least on the surface.

Although “Theory X” management has been replaced in virtually all sectors, successor approaches have their own weaknesses. This brief article is intended to raise two ideas for your thoughtful consideration. The first is that distinctions exist between participatory management and consensus management. The second is that important consequences flow from those distinctions.

Participatory management and consensus management practitioners both understand that employees have perspectives that are potentially valuable to the decision-making process and that “buy in” plays a vital motivational role with real consequences for performance. Beyond this initial point of agreement, distinctions emerge. To put the matter in perspective, consider the extent to which you agree or disagree with each of the following assumption statements.

• Obtaining agreement among stakeholders should be the controlling consideration when reaching a decision that affects the organization, regardless of the issue.
• All ideas have equal merit.
• Everyone’s contribution should be given equal weight in the decision process, regardless of expertise or responsibilities.
• The best interest of the organization is always equal to the sum of the best interests of its departments and stakeholders.

Participatory managers recognize a foundational management principle; i.e., authority can be delegated but responsibility cannot. Participatory managers seek input from all whose views can benefit the process. However, final decision-making is reserved to those who ultimately bear the responsibility for the decision.

Consensus managers, on the other hand, start with the proposition that agreement among stakeholders must be obtained before action proceeds, a position that is intellectually defensible only if one believes all of the bulleted assumptions listed above to be true. Now consider the consequences of those assumptions.

• Decision-making becomes a political process instead of a merit-based process with the pace and outcome controlled by the least flexible and most obdurate participants.
• Consensus management is inherently biased toward inaction. All that is necessary to block any action is to prevent consensus. Self-evidently, this characteristic is not conducive to success in a competitive environment defined by fast-paced change.
• Decision quality is degraded, at least from a business perspective. That is because the goal becomes identifying a solution that is the least offensive to all stakeholders rather than choosing the course of action that is most beneficial to the enterprise.
• An inevitable consequence of using consensus as a surrogate for the executive function in an organization designed to operate as a hierarchy is a diminution of the very concept of accountability. When everyone is responsible, no one is accountable.

This is not to say that consensus management is never a good idea. In an organization of true peers, all of whom share a common skill set, the same organizational perspective, and an identical stake in the decision outcome, it may well work. That description, however, does not apply to the typical management team.

It has been our observation that consensus decision-making is strongly associated with the presence of information silos and organizational gridlock. All executives and managers would be well advised to consider how the current choice of decision-making models is affecting the quality and timeliness of management action.

The Single Singapore Citizen (SSC) scheme promotes buying a 2 room flat for singles from HDB in a non-mature state. This means that the singles are not limited to purchasing flats only from the resale market. They can actually afford to buy on their own through the attractive and affordable grants offered by the HDB. It has been over a year since the new housing policy was implemented in July 2013. There were about 2,765 units sold out of the 5,200 2 room flats offered up for sale in the non-mature markets. Applications came from the Non-Citizen Spouse Scheme, Joint Singles Scheme, and the Single Singapore Citizen Scheme.

How it works

For the singles scheme, the government has set about 30% of the 2 room flats, which includes the first time applicants, those who aged 35 and above, and who are earning of up to $5,000 per month only. The units were priced between $76,000 to over $80,000. Considering the resale price of the 2 bedroom unit in the neighborhood ranging from $230,000 to $250,000, I would gladly consider buying the 2 room HDB flat. This means getting over 50% discount from the regular resale prices.

Eligibility

Singaporeans aged 35 years and above who are unmarried, divorced but not applying with any child, and widowed but not applying with any child are encouraged to apply. The eligibility criteria are only a first time buyer, earns up to $5,000 and month, and does not own any other property or even disposed a property for the past 30 months, who could be classified as eligible single can buy a 2 room BTO flat in a non-mature state.

Singles with income less than or equal to $2,500 can apply for a grant amount up to $20,000 in the Single Singapore Scheme. Singles with income less than or equal to #3,250 can apply for a grant amount up to $10,000 in the Single Singapore Citizen Scheme under the Special CPF Housing Grant for Singles. Singles with income less than or equal to $5,000 can apply for a grant amount up to $40,000 in the Joint Singles Scheme. Singles with income less than or equal to $5,000 can apply up to $20,000 of the grant amount under the Special CPF Housing Grant for Singles through the Joint Singles Scheme.

The applicant may receive different grant amounts largely depending on their income. The Build To Order (BTO) has been offering help by allowing singles to apply for apartments in their preferred location from the list of specific sites launched. The offer is irresistible for the singles.

The game of pool involves a total of 16 balls that can either be solid or striped colored. The game is often played by two or four players and each of the players are given long sticks. The sticks are used to hit all the balls into each of the pockets, at each side of the table. In order to win, the remaining players must hit the 8 balls into one of the pocket to end of the game. But how does this game relate to physics?

When we go out to play pool, many of us don’t realize how physics affects the game. If we stop and take the time to understand the basics of physics, it is amazing to see the degree we could improve our skills. The physics behind billiards (pool), in a larger image, involves collisions between two billiard balls. When two billiard balls collide the collision is called elastic. The definition of elastic collision is, “A collision in which colliding objects rebound without lasting deformation or the generation of heat.” People can assume that for collisions involving billiard balls, the collision will be completely elastic.

For collisions involving the two billiard balls, the momentum will always be conserved. The definition of momentum is, “The mass multiplied by its velocity.” In a collision with another billiard ball, the balls both exert a force on each other called impulse. This is similar to Newton’s Third Law of Physics, which says that, “The forces things exert on each other are always equal in strength and opposite in direction.” This also means that the impulse is equal and opposite. The connection between impulse and momentum is that impulse equals the change in momentum of each ball. If the change is similar to each other, the change in the total momentum must equal zero. If the change in total momentum is zero, then the total momentum must be the same before and after the collision. This concept is called the conservation of momentum.

In an example, let’s say you’re trying to hit the 8 ball in the corner pocket. Once you hit the cue ball, its momentum will be the mass times velocity. The momentum of the 8 ball is zero because it is not moving yet. If you hit it straight on and the cue ball stops before having a collision, then all of momentum of the cue ball goes into the 8 balls, because the momentum is conserved. If you hit it at an angle, both billiard balls will keep moving after the collision. If you add the momentum of the balls together, it will equal the momentum of the cue ball before the collision happens. The 8 ball travels at an opposite angle from the direction you hit it in, so you can always direct where you want the ball to go, if you hit it at a correct angle.

Understanding how conservation of momentum and collisions work will probably be helpful for your pool game to some extent. But, there are some complications we haven’t mentioned. When playing pool, you have to take into account that the balls might be sliding, rolling, or spinning. In addition, you have to worry about friction and irregularities in the pool table surface. In the end, if you sit down and try to calculate what would happen when you hit the cue ball, you would find yourself in a difficult problem.

Much has been spoken about equality in society where men and women are given equal importance, then too crime against women are increasing at an alarming rate. A lot has been written & spoken on who is responsible for these crimes – The man perpetrating the crime? Inadequate law enforcement? Societal attitude of looking at women? Cultural upbringing? This is not an intellectual argument that has to be ‘won’ by the TV anchors and press reporters. Unfortunately, whoever you feel is responsible does not matter for it is ultimately women who have to bear the brunt of it.

‘Man for the field, Woman for the hearth’

‘Woman – an object to use, abuse and misuse as per Man’s will’

All these quotes have been ringing in my ears constantly over the last few days as the outrage on crimes against women continues unabated, without any respite in sight.

Don’t get me wrong – there is no doubt in my mind that the laws need to made stricter, enforcement better, more awareness needs to be spread, better social values need to be instilled on these matters etc. However, it is far more important for the woman to stand up for her rights in a male- dominated society that views her conveniently as a Goddess when it wants to and as a ‘object of desire’ in other times. On behalf of all my fellow women of India, I am proud to assert that we do not want society to worship us or give us special privileges. All we ask for is the right to exercise our rights as equal beings. The Constitution does not differentiate between the right of freedom to move between a man and a woman – then why should a woman not go out at night like her brother, father or husband? Man does not have to think ten times about ‘inciting undesirable emotions’ in the minds’ of women based on his dressing sense – then why should a woman have to think about it? Is a woman less equal just because she is a woman?

What saddens me even more is that we are a country that respects Devis – Adi Shakti, Durga, Parvati, Lakshmi, Saraswati. We are a country that has witnessed a woman Prime Minister, a woman President, several women Chief Ministers, businesswomen &police chiefs. We are a country that has created special privileges for the girl child in primary education, employment, health and social security. We are also one of the few nations in the world, where women enter the armed forces, standing should-to-shoulder with men, accepting and getting no concessions at all, whether it is in clothing, physical activity or mental strain. This entry was facilitated due to the hard-work and unwavering focus of the then Defence Minster, Hon. Sharad Pawar, since he firmly believed ‘whatever a man can do, a woman can do better’.

Alas, despite all this, we are still way behind in changing the psyche in terms of gender equality and sensitivity. It is pointless to expect men to change their thinking overnight – this change will happen & is already happening at a rapid pace. However, the biggest shift has to take place in the minds of women. They are not alone, they are not helpless – it is only their thinking which makes them so. I often discuss this topic with my mother and my 12-year old daughter – though these ladies are 2 generations apart, I am amazed by the boldness in their thoughts and the candidness with which they approach the issue of women empowerment. My mother is more thoughtful and mature in her response, whereas my school going daughter always encourages me and pushes me through various examples through which she demonstrates that she is equal in all ways to her brother and to all the boys in her school.

In conclusion, I quote from the greatest man that our nation has ever produced, the Mahatma, who once said, ‘Be the change you want to see’. My sisters of India, lets join hands and become independent, equal and free in our minds – only then will the rest of the society accept us as such.

Hi To You All Hope You Enjoy The Read,

Introduction

In my “Humble” opinion Article Submission should be the main “Block” in any Internet Marketeers arsenal of SEO (Search Engine Optimisation) tactics. It is a proven resource that has been used extensively and “Successfully” by all of the “Big Players” in the IM world Today (And “little” Ones Like Me! lol lol lol). Ultimately it is virtually the only FREE resource available on the Web to create massive “Laser Targeted Traffic” to “Your” sites.

Article submission is one of the most popular ways of website promotion today. In essence Article Submission is the only FREE way to promote your website and link that produces real results almost immediately.Thankfully Article Submission is still a white-hat, ethical technique used by webmasters to gain new one way links and help promote their website or specific link URLs. As I have certainly found Article submission is an excellent way to brand yourself and your website with very little if any cost involved.

In my opinion Article Submission is the most “Cost Effective” way to promote your website as has been proven by many internet marketers. Undeniably Article submission is one of the best ways to give weight to your products and services on the Internet and best of all it’s “FREE”.Article Submission is a proven way to get your site “Traffic” and “Links”, so “Your” service or products get NOTICED around the world. Thereafter blasting your site’s traffic through the Stratosphere. Again Article submission whilst not being the newest way of off-page optimization process has been proven to work time and time again.

Article submission should be a critical part of your web marketing strategy as if your not using it you really are “Missing” out big style. Article Submission is a common practice for SEO where you create a Quality Content Page on a niche subject, and submit it to several Article-Directory websites which accept Industry-specific or Broad articles. Unfortunately especially amongst “Newbies” to Internet Marketing,Article submission is often an over-looked part of their “Traffic” building “Strategy”.

Article submission is a precise science that can ultimately determine your results and your success in online marketing. However to slightly counter everything I have said so far, Article submission is not the right way, as In individual once in a “Blue Moon” type of effort. However mass article submission is.

Article submission is a great way to get your website recognized in Google as well as in other search engines as i for one have proven many times. Article submission is basically posting your article to different article directories with the link pointing back at your website. Without doubt Article submission is the best way to increase the back links of your website, Article submission is also the #1 way to undercut your costs getting your website ranked higher on the search engines. Article submission is without doubt the most efficient FREE and effective way to improve the ranking of your website.

Search Engine Optimisation (SEO)

The SEO Advantage in Article Submission is that the Search Engines give far more weightage to Unique Content and the links embedded in the content. Therefore SEO article submission will have several effects on your website.

SEO or Search engine Optimization is not just submitting to major search engines and looking for traffic to come by thats for the “Amateurs” and we aren’t “Amateurs” are we? Or You Won’t Be After Reading This Will You?

Article Submission is a great SEO tactic and the rewards can be plentiful, it is is a key aspect in SEO and neglecting this means voluntarily saying goodbye to untapped, Traffic, Opportunities and Resources.

Big SEO Firms Have Lost Their Iron Grip ,It wasn’t until I really went into overdrive with my Article Submissions, that the “Aha Ha” light really went on and it hit me smack between the eyes. There is no doubt that article submission plays a vital role in the online success of a business and is an important SEO strategy.

Content

If “You” Write quality articles and submit them to reputable websites looking for targeted content then I assure you that your content will get huge exposure for Free just for its value of uniqueness. As a result they will stand a much higher chance as counting as powerful incoming links instead of just duplicate content.

One comment or feedback I received from a “Very Popular Website ” to demonstrate the above point was: “The articles were of better than average quality, very well written and did not duplicate any content on our own sites”.

Original content is what the web and the major search engines are screaming out for. An experienced webmaster knows the power of original, unique content and therefore that is why they deliver it to the Search Engines By the Truckfull. That is why they can trully call themselves “WebMasters”.

Getting the unique content distributed online so that your website and links can be seen by a greater audience is vital. The article itself will create content for the back link that is relevant to your website,as all of the Top Search Engines love good content, Article Submission can be a very effective and much better way to improve the search engine ranking and link popularity of “Your” website than just about any other method currently available.

You will get your article published all over the web when you submit it to an e-zine publisher that has a free content directory on their web site. For especially large or successful ezines, you might even offer to produce unique content for their ezines in exchange for the publicity, rather than simply offering articles you have previously run in your own ezine. Your articles are then potentially published on thousands of article sites where webmasters seeking free content pick up the articles and publish them on their blogs and niche sites.

Not only will your article submissions give you immediate links from PR4 and above sites but as bloggers from content specific sites look for articles in these directories and publish them to their blogs you will also gain those highly relevant content specific links as well.

Google

You can earn many hits in Google through implementing Article Submission as one of “Your” key marketing strategies. To demonstrate this I went to Google and typed in the phrase “free Internet marketing advice” and I hit the jackpot. Of course, the first pattern I noticed was that I had found all of these articles by simply searching for a specific key phrase in Google & Yahoo. So I went back to Google & Yahoo and tried other key phrases. No matter what phrase I searched for in Google I found hundreds or even thousands of FREE articles written by people who actually knew what they were talking about.

Since Google sees back links as an indication of an “important” site, the Author’s Google ranking was benefiting greatly just by his use of article submission. And finally, many of the authors had Google AdWords displayed on their main site, so they were earning revenue whenever a visitor from one of the article sites came and clicked.

Writing

Writing a good article about a subject or item can help tell more about your services or product than any other form of “marketing” currently available on the web Today. Writing an article and getting it published in an ezine is the best way of creating quality back links to your web site.

By writing articles & submitting them to various article directories, you can give yourself an opportunity to share your ideas with a wide range of audience. I think of it as purchasing a link, although instead of using cash, it is paid using 3-5 hours of writing time. I have found huge gains by contacting websites directly, even by phone and asking them to post an article to us, even in return for some article writing for them.

As you develop your writing skills and publish more and more articles regularly you are recognized as an expert in your field. The entire article marketing process consists of a few components namely researching for keywords and content, writing an article and submitting that article. This ensures you can set aside time to focus on article writing and churn out more articles for posting.

By writing about something interesting in your field or addressing the concerns that your customers have about your business/industry, you become a source of information to them.

I fully understand you might not have either the time or motivation to do all the writing yourself. Thats why i will give you the Biggest Tip You will ever receive.You don’t have to do all the writing Yourself.

However, If you are looking to build quality traffic to your website you should seriously consider writing an article about your niche and linking it to your website. This is what makes it worthwhile writing informative articles in the first place, seeing them published and reaping the rewards of increased website visitors.

Conclusion

Article submission is the one SEO tool that has the ability to bring free organic traffic to your website. As a result Article Submission has become the Most Effective Method of gaining FREE Quality one way Incoming Links to your site and has become standard in website Search Engine Optimization Strategies.

Undeniably Article submission is one of the key elements to garner more visitors to your site. Therefore Article submission is a must in your SEO plan to make your site reach the top of Google, Yahoo, MSN etc on your desired keywords.

Article submission is certainly one of the best ways I have found to promote a website or blog as I have yet to find another FREE method that is as effective at producing or delivering “Laser Targeted Visitors” in the same numbers.

Unresevedly I am happy to go on record and say that Article Submission is the way to promote your website and link, that will produce real results almost immediately, and will give you targeted traffic and much more popularity in the world of writers.

I’m in the process of creating a few high-quality websites, and one of the primary ways I want to monetize is using Google AdSense. Posting free articles to the major article directories sites is the fastest and easiest FREE way to make more sales, increase your Google ranking, boost instant traffic getting backlinks, link building and push your Alexa rating through the roof.

So my “Cast Iron Guarantee” is that if you Take Action and start writing and Submitting Articles NOW! You Will be well on your way to “Achieving SUCCESS” with your online business. So don’t Procrastinate or Put it Off any longer get STARTED TODAY.

I Hope You Enjoyed Reading My Article And That It Helps You Achieve Real Success Online.

To Your Success As Always

Douglas Stuart

Like all areas of math, fraction concepts need to be communicated to young children with developmentally appropriate hands on experiences and plenty of play activities. Concrete objects like pattern blocks and 3D fraction shapes enable kids to make sense of new math concepts or abstract ideas. Children need to have fraction experiences that:

• incorporate their senses
• invite them to experiment and make observations
• let them learn at their own rate, and
• allow them time to investigate a topic further

It is important that preschool and kindergarten math lessons offer opportunities for young children to develop fraction number sense. Before children are able to perform operations (adding, subtracting…) with fractions, they require lots of time for fraction games and play. This will help them visualize fractions and understand that fraction segments are equal parts of a larger object, skills necessary for more advanced fraction concepts. It is not necessary to teach symbols for fractions (1/2, 1/3…) in preschool or kindergarten.

Young children are working towards the following, skills that are necessary for more advanced fraction concepts in future grades:

• being able to visualize fractions and
• understanding that fraction segments are equal parts of a larger object,

Introduce fractions with cooking, stories, and games

Cooking activities introduce children to the language of fractions and help them link fractions to their everyday experiences. As they take part in these activities, children become familiar with fraction terms such as whole, part, half, third, quarters. For example – Cut the muffin in half, fill the cup half full, let’s use part of the whole orange, put peanut butter on one half of the bread and jam on the other half of the bread, cut the sandwich in quarters…

Use fraction math manipulatives and toys with puppets to make up simple stories

Here is a sample circle time story using an apple fraction toy, 2 puppets and a basket:

Marty the Moose heard a knock on his door (knock on the chalkboard). He opened the door (squeak) and there was his friend, Sam the squirrel..

Improvise and have the puppets take turns cutting the apples and sharing them out, keeping in mind that the goal is to introduce and help the children be familiar with the idea of equal sized pieces that are a part of a whole object and fraction terms such as halves, quarters, thirds.

Play simple small group fraction games

Depending on your class size you may need to split the class into small groups, having one half working at independent math centers with modeling clay, drawing, blocks or puzzles and the other half playing the fraction game. As children play games and play with fraction toys they will gain fraction number sense.

The more time children have to play with fraction toys and manipulatives, the more their ability to visualize fractions as equal parts of a whole will increase. For easy fraction game ideas go http://www.kindergarten-lessons.com/fraction_games.html

There are numerous nearly incomprehensible scientific concepts we have lots and lots of trouble wrapping our heads around. There are physics concepts like quantum mechanics; extra / hidden dimensions and relativity theories; biological concepts like the mind / brain duality, free will, self-identity, and the nature of consciousness; there’s the mathematical concept of the square roots of negative numbers; and metaphysical / philosophical issues like why is there something rather than nothing or what exactly is the nature of reality?

But one of the most mathematical / physics / theological / philosophical conundrums is the concept of the infinite, or infinity. That’s up for discussion this round.

All infinities are equal, but some are more equal than others.

Basic Definitions

*Nothing: Nothing is defined here as the total absence of all mass and force particles (i.e. – electrons, photons, etc.). That’s nothing.

*Infinity: Infinity means that no matter how far you go (in time or in space), you can always go farther. That’s infinity.

Basic Premises

*No thing can create itself.

*From nothing, nothing comes.

*Only from something, somethings comes.

*Something can’t be created out of nothing.

*There are no spatial / temporal boundaries or walls.

*If N, then N+1.

Infinity and Mathematics

*When it comes to pure mathematics, we know that there are an infinite number of negative numbers; an infinite number of positive numbers; an infinite number of even numbers; an infinite number of odd numbers; an infinite number of values between any two consecutive whole numbers (like between 10 and 11). We know about infinity in mathematics, that, for example, Pi has an infinite number of places after the decimal point. We know that there’s an infinite number of lines that can be drawn between any two places.

But all of that is just pure abstraction with little if any connection to real existence and practical matters and associated operations.

Infinity and Physics

*Time and Space: The basic premise here is that no matter how far you go, temporally or spatially, you can go even farther. In other words, if N, then N + 1.

*Matter and Energy: The basic rule here is the First Law of Thermodynamics. Matter / energy can neither be created nor destroyed. The obvious implication is that therefore matter / energy has infinitely existed.

*Infinity can be either unbounded or bounded. Infinity is unbounded like in the case where two parallel lines that just extend indefinitely without ever meeting. Infinity can be bounded. For example the Earth is bounded in that it is finite, yet you can travel around it in time and in space an infinite number of times.

*And even some scientists who should know better loosely throw around the term “infinity” or “infinite” with rather reckless abandon as in stating or referencing “infinite density” or “infinite temperature.” That’s just nonsense.

Infinity and Theology

*Either a deity or deities exist or they do not exist.

*If a deity or deities do indeed exist, then they are either eternal or created by a previous deity or deities.

*If a deity or deities are eternal, everlasting, forever existing – that’s equivalent to infinity.

*If a deity or deities are created, that of necessity leads to an infinite regress.

*Therefore, no matter how you slice and dice, there’s a theological infinity to be dealt with, all the more so when many theologies promise an eternal afterlife existence.

*However an eternal afterlife existence would be an eternal boring hell. Unlike the Vulcan philosophy of events having an Infinite Diversity in Infinite Combinations (IDIC), there’s actually only possible a finite diversity in finite combinations. Thus, in an infinite / eternal afterlife, you’re going to eventually endless repeat what you have already endlessly and repeatedly done before. Boring.

Infinity and Philosophy

*It is even claimed that God (as a representation of some deity and the supernatural) couldn’t from His infinite past arrive at “now” to do whatever God wanted to do “now”. Hogwash!

*So, the philosophical / meta-philosophical question is, if there is an infinite past, can you ever arrive at now? It’s all too easy.

*The Timeline: In an infinite timeline there are an infinite number of events, each of which is finite (i.e. – like the event that is you). Here’s a useful analogy. Let’s assign each unique and finite event a unique number. How many unique numbers are available to be assigned? Well we know from the above that there are an infinite number of unique numbers available which would take an infinite amount of time (an infinite timeline) to count off those infinite number of unique numbers.

*No matter where you are on an infinite number-line, you can make progress, say by counting forward from say 100 (where you are) to 150 (where you want to be “now”), or backward for that matter from 150 to 100.

*You can arrive at any specific event on an infinite timeline just as you can arrive at any specific unique number in the infinite number-line. No matter where you are on an infinite timeline, you can make progress towards “now” by going say from Saturday to Sunday; January to February; 2001 to 2002, etc.

*One additional aside, you don’t actually have to make progress to arrive at “now”, whenever you are you are at the present or the “now”.

Attract Better Health

This article will start you on the road of using Quantum Physics to attract better health.

In this 21st Century we entered the Age of Aquarius! The Age of Science. We received two great gifts that we can use to attract better health into our lives.

The Internet supplies us with unlimited information. The Laws of Quantum Physics show us how to attract health.

Quantum Physics, a hot topic, is talked and written about by many scientists. But alas, most of them are being materialistic scientists. They leave out the concept of God or a higher creative force out of the equations.

The one sure thing that Laws of Quantum Physics tell us: A creator God exists and started everything into motion.

We relate to the Creator God like our cells to our body. The “oneness” of spiritual reality.

Look at these Laws form this spiritual point of view. Our health improvement lies there.

All is energy. I am energy, You are energy, the paper you are reading is energy. Planet Earth = Energy; Solar System = Energy; Galaxy = Energy; Universe = Energy; and the Mind of God = Energy.

Energy beings must understand the Laws of Energy to stay healthy.

The Laws of Quantum Physics tell us that every thing that ever was, is, or will be exists in an infinite ocean of the thinking substance call the Quantum Ocean or the mind of God. This infinite ocean of thinking stuff responds intelligently to our thoughts.

Thoughts are Things! We attract our reality by what we think. Think good thoughts and attract good things. Bad thoughts, bad things.

This means that everything we have in our lives, our health, weatlth, relationships we attracted by our thoughts. We created them.

If we do not like our health, wealth, love relationships we can change them! How? By the way we think.

Look at how things work. We are energy beings. The Quantum Ocean (mind of God) is a thinking energy. Our thoughts are our connection, what we think enters the Quantum Ocean and attracts energy. It flows into our Auras (energy body). This attracts health, wealth, love etc. into our lives.

Our Aura, the connector between the Quantum Ocean and our physical body is the the working matrix.

Quantum Physics gives us definite Laws on how to attract healing energies out of the Quantum Ocean and into our Aura.

Knowing the energy exchange process, we now need exact methodologies.

If our minds were more powerful and our self discipline stronger, we could simply “think” our way to perfect health.

But in this high energy technology which is fast paced, rush, rush world our minds are captured and pulled away. This makes it very difficult to keep thinking about perfect health.

The old Chinese saying says: ” A man who can keep his mind on one thought for ten minutes could rule the world!”

We need methods to keep our health thoughts working 24/7. Plus using Yoga, meditation, radionics, or Orgone technology will do this for us.

I will discuss each of these in separate articles.

In the mean time remember, what the Laws of Quantum Physics tell you: Thoughts are Things! Till the next time watch your thoughts, words and wishes. You will surely get them.

You can learnt to use quantum physics to bring better health into your life. The Age of Aquarius has given us two gifts os far. The internet and the Laws of Quantum Physics. What will the next 1950 years bring?

When will we decide as a civilized society that abuse of girls/women has to stop? As healthcare professionals we know the aftermath to such abuse, especially repeated attacks over time propagated on young people, leave deep scars. Many women find it is difficult if not impossible to ever have a healthy relationship with a man again, as their trust has been so broken. So the long-term effects of abuse are more devastating that any of the physical damage.

Even though nurses specifically are known for our deep empathy, I don’t believe men who do these despicable crimes think or care about how their actions affect their victims. I hear instead they generally just dehumanize the other person, and therefore have no adverse feelings about the atrocious things they have done. Some still believe girls/women are basically slaves (remember we only fought for and won the right to vote in 1920, when we also were then finally considered by law to be citizens). Before that time many men believed we were just property of first our fathers then our husbands but some may still justify their actions by believing they have the right to do whatever they feel like with women.

We still struggle to get equal pay for equal work. Women only make about 77% of a man’s salary even in the health care field in the U.S.A. today and there continues to be a glass ceiling, although tenacious women are beginning to break through it. The woman’s movement in the late 1960’s helped the process of women being considered to be equal human beings at least in the workforce. However, we still hear of sexual harassment, most recently being exposed in our military. Therefore the belief system of some men remains in cave men days, even though we have become surfacely very civilized. Also legislation in the 1970’s made in at least unlawful for men to beat their wives/girlfriends, but changing beliefs always takes more time than just updating laws. Women also have had to learn to reach out, get help when needed and be more cautious which men they trust both with their own safety and that of their daughters.

Some specific ways to help women and their daughters prevent being abused include:

1. Be really careful who babysits your daughters. Just because someone is a friend or relative does not mean they are trustworthy.

2. Teach your daughters to tell you if someone touches them in a way that makes them feel uncomfortable, as often molesters groom their victims before they engage in serious sexual abuse. My mother described my “personals” as being between my neck and knees. Although she was only five feet tall, she also let me know that if anyone threatened to hurt her or our family, she was quite capable of defending us-and I believed her.

3. Always be aware of your surroundings. Refrain from using head phones or cell phones when walking as they can distract you from hearing someone coming up behind you.

4. Date rape is more common than many think. My parents always demanded the boy come into the house and meet them. They were clear about curfew and respecting me and looked stern while sharing those expectations. Boyfriends usually referred to my parents as “ma’am and sir” and not surprisingly acted like gentlemen.

5. Of course taking rides from strangers or even neighbors/parents of peers without parental screening is never a good idea.

6. Personally I hold a black belt in a martial art similar to Judo, so it is not aggressive, but is very effective. Knowing how to defend yourself can boost your confidence and also can help you stay calm if you are attacked.

7. If the unthinkable does happen, please reach out to trained professionals who can help you recover. Rape is a violent attack that is in no way your fault.

Remember staying safe takes awareness and planning, but training helps too!