A Light In All Darkness

LOST IN THE DARK

“Why? Why is it so dark?”

“Where am I?”

“Poor girl, she was found in the middle of the road…”

I heard some voices around me, but it was all dark I could not see a thing… “Is someone there?”

“Please answer me! Hello?”

“What happened to me?”

“I opened my eyes, but it’s only darkness I see…”

“Who am I?”

“I can’t… I don’t remember… I DON’T REMEMBER!!!”

“Please calm down, I am a Doctor. You were brought here by someone who saw you at the middle of the road…You were unconscious.”

“Doctor? Why is it dark? Do you know my name and where I live or came from?” I asked.

He did not speak for a moment… I felt he was searching for the right words to answer me.

He spoke to me very gently.

“You are here in my Hospital, dear. This is a non-profit hospital. You were found at the middle of the road, and was brought here unconscious. Your eyes were swollen. I was the one who did the surgery for your eyes, but I did my best to save your eye-sights… but it was already too late. You must have hit yourself to some kind of a sharp object and must have wounded yourself. I expected that when you would regain your consciousness, you could tell us what had happened to you… But here you are you do not remember a thing… I can tell for now that you are experiencing a temporary amnesia. There is hope that you will remember everything once you got yourself back to people who may have known you.

“I cried as I heard what he had just said. I don’t remember anything about me.. I don’t know where I’m going to stay. Would they let me stay here at the hospital until I regain my memories? I guess not. But what should I do? I don’t want to be a burden to them. But if they offer help, I guess the wise decision will be- – “

“You can stay here until you regain your memory or until we can find someone who knows you. Will that be alright?” the doctor said.

– – I don’t want to take advantage or to be a burden, but I need their help.

He continued while I felt his hand gently holding my left hand on my side, while I rested my right hand on my chest as I was sobbing. I felt cold and I know he felt that I was shivering and worried about my situation. But he was nice to assure me one thing.

“Don’t worry, dear, we already have contacted the authority about your case. I am sure you will be found soon…”

I felt my eyes went so heavy…The drug that was injected to me by one of the nurses is now working. She said, her name is Nancy and that the drug will help me to calm down and feel comfy.

I closed my eyes and I prayed in silent, “Dear God, I am totally lost in the dark, help me and guide me. I need your protection…”

America Is Halfway to Becoming A Third World Country

In a recent interview with Dr. Paul Craig Roberts, Dr. Roberts stated that the United States was halfway to becoming a third world country.

The middle class is essentially being forced into poverty by high unemployment, low wages, low interest rates, high food and energy prices, increased taxes, higher health insurance costs and more.

In particular, Dr. Roberts focuses on the big picture of the future economic situation in the U.S.

It’s a de-industrialization. Instead of moving into a modern country, it is a move in the other way. The main culprit is not the financial crisis, but the off-shoring of all middle class jobs.”

Interviewer: “You have said the U.S. is past it’s zenith and we’re halfway there to becoming a third world country. What is the US going to look like as a third world country?”

Dr. Roberts: “The only way anyone will be able to get a loan will be with very high interest rates. The labor force aspect- the people are involved in low paid domestic service jobs. That’s what’s been happening in the US in the last 10 years.

These are not well paid jobs and so you find that you have a labor force, a small very rich class, and everyone else is having trouble making ends meet.

The US is overwhelmed with loss of wealth-it’s shrinking and it’s been going on for 10 years. They face the bond market bubble, stock market bubble, and now, the dollar bubble.

It’s a de-industrialization. Instead of moving into a modern country, it is a move in the other way. The main culprit is not the financial crisis, but the offshoring of all middle class jobs. The manufacturing has moved offshore, so that is what’s happened.

What the US faces, if they lose their reserve currency because they collapsed the dollar by printing too many for too long; if they lose their reserve currency status, they no longer can pay their bills by printing money.

And if the dollar is collapsing, the Federal Reserve can’t print more money, because that would just drive the dollar lower. And that would mean more domestic inflation from the import prices.”

In other words, prices for imports would increase drastically as the purchasing power of the dollar goes lower. In case you haven’t noticed, literally EVERYTHING we buy now is imported. Wal-Mart is China on wheels. Look at the tags on your clothing. Just TRY and find one that is made in the USA.

I remember in the 90’s when former Presidential candidate Ross Perot emphatically stated that NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) would create a giant “sucking sound” of jobs being extracted away from the U.S. He did not win the election, and NAFTA was instituted on Jan. 1, 1994. Now, 20 years later, we see the result of all the jobs that have been “sucked away” to other countries.

According to an article by the Economic Policy Institute on 1/3/14:

“Clinton and his collaborators promised that the deal would bring “good-paying American jobs,” a rising trade surplus with Mexico, and a dramatic reduction in illegal immigration. Considering that thousands of kids are pouring over the border as we speak, well, how’d that work out for us?

Instead, NAFTA directly cost the United States a net loss of 700,000 jobs. The surplus with Mexico turned into a chronic deficit. And the economic dislocation in Mexico increased the flow of undocumented workers into the United States.”

Last year, the New England Fishery Management Council approved a year-to-year extreme cut of 77 percent, limiting the amount of fish that fishermen can catch. Then shortly after came the restrictions on scallops.

New England fisherman say now they’re facing industry collapse because the fishing industry has been regulated out of business.

Gloucester fishermen Paul Vitale says, “I’m bankrupt. That’s it,” said the 40-year-old father of three, “I’m all done, the boat’s going up for sale.”

“This is what happens in every case when the Federal Government intrusively regulates people’s livelihoods out of business with their bullshit science. The only result here will be less fish on the market and much higher prices on the few fish that do make it to market.”

That’s no joke. I used to be able to buy a nice hunk of salmon for $8 a pound. That’s been $12 a pound now for at least a year. That’s a 50% increase! Needless to say, I’m not getting my Omega 3s anymore.

Nevertheless, Clinton and his Republican successor, George Bush II, then used the NAFTA template to design the World Trade Organization, more than a dozen bilateral trade treaties, and the deal that opened the American market to China-which alone has cost the United States another net 2.7 million jobs. The result has been 20 years of relentless outsourcing of jobs and technology.

By any measure, NAFTA and its sequels has been a major contributor to the rising inequality of incomes and wealth that Barack Obama bemoans in his speeches. Yet today-the president proposes two more such trade deals: the Trans-Pacific Partnership with eleven Pacific Rim countries and a free trade agreement with Europe.

Like his predecessors, he repeats the mantra that more such trade deals will create “millions of American jobs” because we excel at high technology. In actuality, the U.S. surplus in hi-tech industries has turned into a deficit-including a deficit with China.

I experienced this first-hand when my career disappeared from NAFTA.

Going to college for a Textiles Degree and being an apparel production specialist, I had great, interesting jobs in the 80s and early 90s.

I come from New Bedford, Massachusetts, the heart of the textile industry, where huge, old brick clothing production factories lined the streets and were the lifebload of the city, which was driven first by the whaling industry (to use whale oil in lamps), then textile production, fishing and clothing production.Clothing manufacturers accounted forone-third of the manufacturing jobs in New Bedford in the 1960s.

In the 1980s, I worked in factories so big that rows of seamstresses were as far as you could see. Bundles of clothing created big piles alongside each sewing machine. I remember watching the women, as they sewed each piece so rapidly, and marveled at their great dexterity and speed.

Cutting tables were seen that spanned 1/4 mile long, with men in steel gloves expertly using 18″ long blades to expertly cut through hundred of many layers of carefully spread fabric.

Clothing production was the bread and butter in the Northeast, at least until NAFTA. I lost my job when the sewing and clothing production factories decided to close down in the states and move their production facilities overseas. You can’t blame them.

Why should they pay seamstresses $10 an hour when you could pay a foreign worker 50 cents a DAY? Did it bring down the prices of clothes? Not so much, but it did enrich the owners.

One by one, the clothing manufacturers were rapidly moving overseas, until all the factories in New Bedford and Fall River, Massachusetts finally closed their doors.

In the global trade system initiated by NAFTA, any job that can be done with a computer can be out-sourced, unless American workers are willing to work at the wages of Mexico, India or China.

That trade system has not delivered the promised benefits because it was designed not to.

The agreements traded away the interests of American workers in favor of the interests of American corporations eager to produce for the U.S. market in countries where labor is cheap, environment and public health regulations weak, and governments easily bribable.

NAFTA’s fundamental purpose was not to free trade, it was to free multinational corporations from public regulation in the U.S., Mexico, Canada, and eventually all over the world.

As soon as NAFTA became law, corporate managers began using the threat to move elsewhere in order to force U.S. workers to work longer and harder for less. Threatening employees with outsourcing is now standard practice in American business.

Columbus Schools Conduct Partnership Programs that Aid Students

Columbus Schools Have Created a Broad Range of Partnerships

The partnership programs that Columbus Schools are engaged in cover a wide range of disciplines, grade levels, and locations. There are several successful partnership programs in the Columbus Schools.

“Computers Rock 24/7” is a partnership program focused on introducing technology to fourth and fifth grade girls to technology. Students in the program develop their own web pages and learn about computers from the inside out. This program is a partnership between Columbus Schools, Weinland-Hudson Elementary School, The Ohio State University Women in Technology, and The Women in Computer Engineering.

“Modeling Physical Sciences in Ohio” is a program aimed at teacher development and training. This partnership program involved Columbus Schools, College of Mathematical and Physical Sciences at Ohio State, Ohio Board of Regents, and Worthington City Schools. This partnership program centered around a three-week workshop intended to train Columbus Schools teachers in better methods of instruction that will be more effective with students from a variety of levels and backgrounds. Ongoing Saturday workshops held throughout the school year will revisit the techniques used in the original workshop and help foster a cooperative bond between teachers.

There are a number of literacy partnerships in several schools in the Columbus Schools system that addresses all manner of literacy difficulties and language arts development. One literacy partnership program involved two Columbus Schools’ elementary schools, Medary and Trevitt Elementary Schools, working with Ohio State Department of English. The “Medary and Trevitt Literacy Partnerships” aims to provide extra literacy tutoring to first graders. Students from Ohio State will work with Medary Elementary first grade students in a program where students receive reading help during school hours. The Trevitt Elementary School program will have the Ohio State student tutors working in all manner of language arts in a one on one after school program. The students have benefited greatly from the individual attention that can be provided.

Another literacy partnership in the Columbus Schools is the Johnson Park Middle School Literacy Partnership. Started in the 2005-2006 school year, this program had Ohio Stat undergraduates from the Writing Program acting as advisors and mentors on the Johnson Park Middle School newspaper. The Johnson Park Middle School Literacy Partnership also had the students from Ohio State and Johnson Park Middle School working together to produce the monthly magazine “M,” a magazine for and about middle schools on the east side of Columbus. This literacy partnership was part of a larger project between Johnson Park Middle School and Ohio State, led by the P-12 Project.

The “Africentric Literacy Program” is another tutoring cooperative between Center for the Study and Teaching of Writing in Ohio State’s College of Humanities and the Columbus Schools’ Africentric Elementary School. This program is now in its sixth year and has resulted in higher reading and writing test scores. The “Africentric Literacy Program” holds a special end of the year celebration in which the students in the program read selected writings from the year. All participating students in the program receive writers’ kits and a hardbound book of all the students’ work over the year.

Presentation Skills & Public Speaking – 10 Tips to How to Design & Prepare for a Presentation

Top 10 Tips to help you Plan and Design and Prepare for your Presentation

Next time you are faced with the daunting prospect of having to write a presentation, try out these tips from Skillstudio and you’ll be surprised at just how effective they can be at helping to design and prepare for a presentation.

  1. Prepare Prepare Prepare – The more time you spend preparing your presentation beforehand the more confident you will be on the day.
  2. Get to know your audience. Put yourself in their shoes. What’s in it for them? What understanding do they currently have? Do they want a detail or strategic level talk from you?
  3. What’s the one key goal you want to achieve by giving this presentation? Make sure that this is clear to your audience at the beginning and end of the presentation.
  4. Split your presentation into a beginning a middle and an end. Use the middle section to develop your ideas.
  5. Remember the power of three. Wherever possible think of things in threes. eg three key points to make at the beginining, three key points to develop further in the middle and three key points to make at the end. Your middle can further expand on the three points with three additional points each. etc
  6. Brainstorm the likely questions you will be asked by your audience. Prepare answers using the Power of three.
  7. Try using a mind map to help you organise your ideas into logical chunks. The clearer your thinking is the easier it should be to understand when you are presenting.
  8. Avoid the trap of preparing for your presentation at the last possible minute. It will only mean you lose a night’s sleep – on the night before you have to present!
  9. Lead your audience through your presentation using sign-posting. Recap on what you’ve just covered and then use rhetorical questions to move onto the next section. Always summarise your main points just prior to the end of your presentation.
  10. Plan to end your presentation with a call to action, a request for a decision to be made, or whatever you believe is the most appropriate means to achieve your overall goal.

Herman Miller Sayl Chair Review – Task Seating With Shoulder Freedom

Inspired by the design of suspension bridges, the Herman Miller Sayl chair provides a unique seating experience. A quick look at the back of this chair will instantly reveal the influence of suspension bridges. But the back of the Sayl chair is designed for more than just looking cool!

The back of this chair is fairly unique in the world of ergonomic task chairs because of the amount of shoulder freedom and flexibility it provides.

Many chairs have big, overpowering backs. Even worse, some of them have “shoulder padding” which forces your shoulders to roll forward when you’re sitting in them, which results in obviously undesirable posture.

The Sayl takes the opposite approach. The back is very supportive where it needs to be — down low and up the middle — but the back tapers in toward the middle as it rises which frees the shoulder blades and shoulders to move up, down, and all around, and provides no restriction whatsoever! Leaning back and stretching your arms in this chair is easy, comfortable, and natural.

The back is made out of a supportive yet flexible and comfortable material with an open design that allows for air circulation to help keep you from getting hot.

The Sayl is available with some other attractive features as well, including:

Forward Tilt – Forward tilt allows the chair to tilt a few degrees forward for intense computing sessions. This “at attention” posture can help your focus on the task at hand, and then when you’re done you can return the tilt to normal, or lean back and recline with the knee tilt, which brings us to the next point.

Knee Tilt – The Sayl features a knee tilt mechanism which means the pivot point for the recline is at your knees rather than at the middle of the chair seat (like on most standard office chairs). This means that you can recline without your feet coming off the ground, and also allows for a stable reclining posture for long periods of work.

Lumbar Support – There is an available lumbar support option which can be adjusted vertically to help get it in exactly the right position in your back.

Seat Depth Adjustment – The seat slides forward and backward to allow different users of different heights to use the chair comfortably.

If chairs with too much upper back padding bother you, you should definitely consider the Sayl as it is one of the best chairs on the market in terms of shoulder and upper back freedom.

Facts About Triple Glazed Windows

As the name suggests, this type of window is made up of a glass that has up to three different layers or a double layered glass that consist of a film which is positioned in the middle of both layers. This film has a low emissivity. Triple glazed windows are known to provide better insulation due to the fact that they have an added layer and additional air space. This type of window is quite suitable in areas that experience extreme weather conditions as they help to improve the comfort within a home.

There are various types of triple glazed windows available for your selection with the most common ones being:

– Made out with an old fashioned spacer in every glazing gap.

– With a glass in its middle section and an inner U-channel that covers the area found along the inboard and external lutes.

– Attached film which is suspended. This film will then be heated in order to allow it to reduce in size then tighten to noticeable clarity.

Triple glazing benefits:

As previously stated windows that have a triple glaze are those that are made up of three layers on each glass coupled with an air space in the middle of every pane. These types of windows have made it possible for property holders to protect themselves against numerous problems linked to normal double paned windows. The benefits associated with windows that are triple glazed are numerous and they include:-

– Improved heat insulation: When heat finds its way into your home during summer or winter, it usually does so via weak points, windows as well as doors that is poorly sealed. Windows that are triple glazed consist of three glass panes that consist of insulating air pockets found in its middle section. Gas is an effective insulator and the additional pocket of air helps to reduce the quantity of heat leaking through making them highly effective when it comes to energy saving.

– Noise reduction: Windows are a good entry point for noise. This is due to the fact that they are made up of thin glass membranes. The amount of noise leaking in has significantly been reduced due to the presence of additional layers of glass and air pockets that help to significantly cut down on the quantity of noise finding its way into your home through closed windows.

– Draft: As a window becomes older; it begins to develop tiny leaks on its edges thereby generating drafts. With triple glazed windows this will no longer be a problem since they consist of an additional layer and sealed quite well. This prevents then prevents any air from leaking through the pane which then leads to the build-up of drafts.

– Condensation: Condensation is usually formed on windows as a result of the difference of internal and external temperatures. Due to the presence of three panes found on windows that have a triple glaze, heat seeps at a reduced pace and the temperature difference is reduced thereby leaving your window dry and clear.

3 Components Of Writing

If you keep these 3 components in mind while writing, you will have a more complete story. In general, you are looking at each component representing a section of the work. If you divided the work, whether article or story, into 4 equal sections, then the first component (BEGINNING) will equal about 1/4 of the work. The second component (MIDDLE) will represent 2/4 or 1/2 of the total work. The third component (END) will represent the last 1/4 of the work. Keep in mind, this is just an approximate division; every work will be different.

1 – BEGINNING:

  • The introduction to the work or story.
  • Depending on the topic of the work, this section may be short or long, but will be less than the middle.
  • In non-fiction, the beginning will serve as a “set up” to introduce the reader to the topic and give a brief outline or suggestion of what to expect in the rest of the work.
  • It may be used to tease the reader or to present a view into the characters, setting and plot.

2 – MIDDLE:

  • The exposition of characters, events, action, plot, research and main points of the work. This takes up the majority of the work.
  • In non-fiction, the middle will explain all theories, points, beliefs, facts, history etc. of the topic. This section will explore in great depth each of the points, usually sectioned by chapter (if a book).
  • This is where the writer will focus most of his or her attention. He will ask and answer questions, usually from either a teaching/education perspective or an informative perspective. Think of a math text book versus Grandma’s memoir.
  • In fiction, the middle will explore the plot and parallel subplots more deeply. This is where the main antagonist (the enemy-person, circumstance, disease etc), plus other secondary and more minor characters will be introduced and explored more fully. In crime/mystery and suspense, the killer’s identity will be foreshadowed in this section.
  • Foreshadowing, conflict, pacing, dialogue, red herrings and character development are key in this section. Conflict will play a vital role here. Numerous conflicts up the ‘danger’ element.
  • Just when everything seems to be working in favor of the main character (protagonist), something will happen to throw off the balance and rev up the action. This is true of all genres.

3 – END:

  • The conclusion of the work or story; the wrap up of events. Usually the shortest component.
  • In non-fiction, the end will wrap up the main points and beliefs of the writer.
  • This section will serve to emphasize why the writer chose this topic and what the main reason is for writing about it.
  • In fiction, the end will come to a climax where action and threat is of utmost importance.
  • A main conflict is revealed: such as the identity of a killer, a love interest, the truth of a mystery or a self-realization for the character.
  • Resolution occurs and someone loses, someone wins. Loose ends are tied up. The reader is left feeling that all is explained, or at least most (a twist at the end is popular with series.)

©2007 Cheryl Kaye Tardif

What Is the "American Idol" Mentality?

While promoting new album, Oceania, Smashing Pumpkins’ frontman Billy Corgan tells KROQ in a recent interview his music in is a middle-ground. “I think we’ve broken into two cultures, and I would say there’s a lot of music that fits in the middle that’s not accounted for and I would say, essentially, we’re in that middle. On one side you have let’s call it the American Idol mentality which has permeated even alternative rock. You have a lot of robots with full sleeves and the faux hawks that don’t know who Henry Rollins is.”

So, what really is the “American Idol mentality”? Maybe it is generational but a shift has definitely occurred in the minds of consumers. We have forgotten this is a TV show meant to boost ratings for television. Since American Idol began, The X Factor, The Voice and many others have sprung up. All of these shows ‘find’ talent and yes, some people do become famous from the exposure. However, these tv shows have created a negative ‘instant success’ mentality. We are rarely shown the behind the scenes footage of lugging gear, training, training, lugging gear, playing shows, getting no sleep. And why not?? Because it doesn’t make a good story for TV! The rags to riches stories are always more glamorous. Otherwise Cinderella would not be the age-old story it is. In reality, the truth is that it takes a lot of hard work, determination, discipline and sacrifice.

What makes one person more successful than another? We all make excuses to address why we are not more successful. We say ‘I’m better than ______ ‘ (insert name of celebrity). “I’m smarter, better looking, more talented than _______.” But at the end of the day, that ‘celebrity’ put in the hours of hard work. Have you ever heard of the 10,000 hour rule? Malcolm Gladwell researched why some people become world-class and others do not. His book Outliers: The Story of Success states “This is a book about outliers, about men and women who do things that are out of the ordinary. Over the course of the chapters ahead, I’m going to introduce you to one kind of outlier after another: to geniuses, business tycoons, rock stars, and software programmers.” And what was the common factor? 10,000 hours. Yes, 10,000 of hard work can make you a master at your craft. Mr. Gladwell goes on to say, “so, let me reiterate: an expert is someone who has a level of mastery about a special skill or knowledge in a particular field. They are not the freakishly good. The world- class. The first-name-only celebrities. Those are the “outliers.” The “experts” are everyone else.”

Finally, there are a myriad of reasons we don’t achieve our goals in life. Who is keeping you from your dreams? It’s alright to have self-doubt, everyone does, JUST DON’T LISTEN TO IT. Silence those insecurities and get to work. Keep in mind the ‘instant success’ mentality is great for TV shows ratings, but working hard at your goal will pay off and get you to your dreams!

The Differences of Anorexia Mirabilis and Anorexia Nervosa

Anorexia Mirabilis is literally defined as “miraculous lack of appetite” and was an ascetic practice that was done in the Middle Ages. While anorexia mirabilis and anorexia nervosa are both a form of self-starvation, there is a difference between the two in the reasoning behind this sacrifice.

It has been established that individuals that indulged in the Mirabilis form of anorexia did so for reasons much different than those that indulge in the nervosa version of anorexia. In this health guide, you will be introduced to the differences between these two eating disorders.

Anorexia Mirabilis in the Middle Ages

Anorexia Mirabilis or “holy anorexia” was practiced among women in the Middle Ages who fasted for the sake of God, as well as to prove that there was a separation between body and spirit. These periods of fasting were said to last months and some women would refuse all food except to eat the holy Eucharist.

In anorexia mirabilis, the women believed that they could live without eating food because they believed that they could survive on the “delicious banquet of God”. These women were idolized because of their “ability” to live on very little food. It wasn’t until the Victorian era that women began to starve themselves of food for the sake of appearances.



Anorexia Nervosa Today

Many years later during the Renaissance period, the church began to think that anorexia mirabilis was heretical and maybe even the work of Satan, however, it was still practiced by some almost into the twentieth century which is then that a well known English doctor determined that it was a disorder and gave it the name “anorexia nervosa”.

Anorexia Nervosa is the self-starvation of food by individuals who feel they need to look a certain way for society. These individuals deprive themselves of food because they have a distorted image of there body believing that they are overweight when in reality they may be dangerously thin. Today, the eating disorder of anorexia is primarily due to the pressures of society and the desire to be thin. In the Middle Ages anorexia was accepted and even admired as a form of religious practice.

Mediaeval Baebes, Worldes Blysse (1998): Song Meanings and Origins

The Mediaeval Baebes are the first name on the lips of every music lover who appreciates a lush, heady medieval atmosphere. They’ve featured prominently in the soundtrack of almost every party I have hosted. I am fiercely passionate about medieval music, and most of my friends can tell you about how I’ve cornered them after a few drinks to tell them about the true origins about this or that Mediaeval Baebes song. So I decided it was time to commit some of this geeky enthusiasm to the page, get it out of my system, and save my friends from my ranting and raving.

This series of articles explores the Mediaeval Baebes’ discography, briefly discussing the origins and history of the music they have drawn upon to create their classic recordings. This one will focus on their album Worldes Blysse, released in 1998.

First off, it is worth mentioning that Worldes Blysse actually consists mainly of original music. Of the 16 tracks, 11 of them (Kinderly, All Turns to Yesterday, Love Me Broughte, Beatrice, Waylaway, When Thy Turuf Is Thy Tour, Erthe Upon Erthe, Passing Thus Alone, Pearl, Swete Sone, and How Death Comes) are original settings of period poetry. Of the remaining 5, 2 have been aggressively reworked. This is hardly a medieval album, therefore.

I have not been able to track down the origins of all the medieval poetry used in these compositions, so I will skip over those tracks about which I have nothing interesting to say. Readers, as always, if you know something I don’t, please leave a comment.

3. Love Me Broughte

The source for these lyrics is the 1372 book of Middle English poetry entitled The Commonplace Book of John Grimstone. It is a love song from Christ to humanity.

4. Beatrice

This is an original setting of an excerpt from Dante’s Inferno. The language is Tuscan.

5. Ecci Mundi Gaudium

This is a 13th-century Anglo-Norman Christmas song, and, interestingly, its source is the very same manuscript which is the source for the Baebes song Salva Nos (the title track from their first album).

7. Alba

This song is properly called Reis glorios, and was written by the troubadour Guiraut de Bornelh (1138-1215). It is one of the most beautiful of the troubadour melodies. The troubadours were the poet-musicians of southern France, who wrote and sang in Occitan (now a dead language), and are the forefathers of the entire western tradition of love songs and poetry. I have great love for this song in particular, and I’m actually working on a recording of it myself. So please keep all of that that in mind when I say that I can’t stand what the Mediaeval Baebes did to it. They artificially imposed a 3/4 rhythm on it, which saps the beauty of the melody and the syntax of the poetry. Their pronunciation is bad and their delivery completely without emotion. I encourage you to check out other recordings of this beautiful song. You can find lots of them on YouTube, though many are instrumental. The band Estampie does a gorgeous, though very non-traditional, rendition.

8. When Thy Turuf Is Thy Tour

This is an original setting by Blake of a Middle English poem, designated #232 in Luria and Hoffman’s Index of Middle English Verse. The subject is mortality, decay, and the irrelevance of earthly pleasures after death.

9. Erthe Upon Erthe

This is a very beautiful recording. The lyrics are a Middle English poem that has survived in 24 manuscripts with many differences, the earliest of which dates back to the 14th century. This recording represents a version of the poem from circa 1440.

10. Passing Thus Alone

This is a macabre fragment from an English broadside ballad, An excellent Ballad of a Prince of England’s Courtship to the King of Frances Daughter, and how the Prince was disasterously (sic) slain; and how the afore-said Princess was afterwards married to a Forrester. It recounts the historical events surrounding King Ethelwulph of England’s courtship of Charles the Bald’s daughter, Judith. The ballad was intended to be sung to the tune of Crimson Velvet, but this recording features another original setting.

11. La Volta

The volta is a Renaissance dance form. If I’m not mistaken, this piece is from a 16th century Italian manuscript.

12. Pearl

This text consists of lines 121-156 of the 1,213-line Middle English poem by the same name. The poet is anonymous, but is generally thought to be the same poet who composed Sir Gawain and the Green Knight and other celebrated English works. The setting bears similarity to Undrentide from the Baebes’ subsequent album, which I will discuss in the next article.

13. Swete Sone

This is a Middle English poem, one of a many religious poems from the period which deals with the Virgin Mary at the scene of the crucifixion. Its source is the Commonplace Book of John Grimstone, 1372, which, as you’ll recall, is also the source for Love Me Broughte.

14. So Spricht Das Leben (So Sayeth Life)

This is an amazing 16th century German song in which life and death argue over who owns the world. For whatever reason, the Baebes have chosen not to sing most of it, but to recite it in English translation while the traditional music thrums in the background. I recommend checking out some other renditions of this song which are closer to the German original. I love it so much I just might have to create my own version.

15. C’est La Fin

This is a beautiful late 13th century virelai by the trouvere Guillaume d’Amiens. The Baebes have remained quite faithful to the medieval original in this recording.

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