Martial Arts readers may be aware of the 72 Secret and Consummate Arts of The Shaolin Temple. These Secret Fighting Exercises or ‘Kungs’ appear in Wu Cheng En’s 14th Century Classic Novel, ‘The Journey West’. This describes Sun Wu Kung (King Monkey) as ‘Master of the 72 Transformations’, but currently available English translations convey no understanding of this vital fact’s real meaning. Shaolin Monk Xuanzang is the key!

Victorian Values

The Victorians (and their successors) lacking Kung Fu, Qigong, Feng Shui, Lion Dance, 5 Elements Theory/’Wuxing’, ‘Ghanzhi’ System knowledge and much more (unsurprisingly) entirely edited these from their translations of Chinese History and Literature, transformed them into ‘something rich and strange’ (but definitely not Kung Fu, Qigong, Feng Shui etc) or replaced them with something else entirely. Alongside contemporary ethnocentrism, this militates against proper understanding of Chinese Culture, especially if such sources are considered authoritative, at our expense.

Xuanzang

Shaolin Monk Xuanzang’s (600-664 CE) Journey West into Nepal and beyond is this 14th Century Ming historical novel’s actual subject. This journey immediately followed establishment of Li Shi-Min (599-646 CE) later Emperor Taizhong’s Tang Dynasty. This was thanks to Shaolin Temple martial intervention, which Western Histories also completely ignore. That’s right, the Shaolin Temple saved the Tang Dynasty and Xuanzang was a Shaolin Monk–moreover he was also a Monkey King ‘Wu Kung’ (‘Martial Strong’) i.e. they were one-and-the-same person!

Unfortunately, the Victorians (some still consider these great authorities) were unaware of Kung Fu, Qigong, Feng Shui, inter alia, never mind that (Shaolin) Buddhist Monks (Tang times onwards especially) could be red-hot exponents of all these and more. A Shaolin Monk could also be a ‘Monkey King’ top Monkey-Style (Houquan) Kung Fu Champion (Wang Kung or Monkey King)! But forget it, it would be way beyond dismal Victorian ethnocentrism for them to be aware of this.

King Kong

‘Wang Kung’ translates as ‘King’ Kung which becomes further westernised as ‘King Kong’… and the rest is history… but a singularly inaccurate and unbalanced western one in this case as we see how the story has been distorted!

True Tales of ‘Monkey Kings‘

Late lamented Grandmaster Chee Kim Thong never claimed to be a Monkey King (although Monkey technique is a key ingredient of 5 Ancestors Fist as taught by Si Jo Chee’s school). However, he once defeated a singularly boastful Monkey King… using Monkey skills (1).

‘King Kong’ Asian wrestling Champion in the late 1950’s, was defeated in an epic Challenge match by the late, equally lamented Grandmaster and Changquan, Si Jo Leong Fu, in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Leong Fu proceeded to become 3x World Middleweight Wrestling Champion before retiring undefeated in 1963. Whilst Si Jo Leong Fu’s Changquan incorporates key elements of Monkey style, he too never claimed Monkey King status (2).

Funny, enjoyable Japanese T.V. serial ‘Monkey’ also contains many unreliable views absent from the original. In this Buddha is female and Daoist Immortal/Buddhist Bodhisattva Kuan Yin male (Yin cannot be Yang!). The two are depicted very differently in the Shaolin Temple’s central Chan Do/meditation hall. The two figures stand side-by side in true yin/yang balance revealing Buddhism and Daoism’s fundamental inter-relationship and common source (3).

This theme is a feature of Wu Cheng En’s ‘Journey West’. The Ming Dynasty invention of the novel enabled personal and human details’ addition to events summarised in Dynastic Records. ‘Journey West’ provides human interest details and related insights into Shaolin Monk Xuanhang and his companions’ adventures on that most famous inspirational historical journey of all.

Notes

(1) Fuller details are presented in Vol. 2 of ‘Kung Fu Secrets ‘ Magazine edited and published by my most esteeemed Teacher Grandmaster Yap Leong

(2) Grandmaster Yap told me of this epic confrontation as he was born and raised in Ipoh, Malaysia where Si Jo Leong Fu’s Kung Fu School was based, growing up just a few streets away. Leong Fu’s wrestling triumphs are also a matter of Public Record

(3) The significance of this Daoist Immortal’s presence in the Shaolin Temple is not, I feel, fully appreciated in the West

There are audio effects, and there are audio processors. The difference is: in audio processors, the audio signal gets changed entirely resulting in a new signal, while in audio effects the original signal is blended in with the new signal. Examples of audio processors are dynamics processors and frequency processors: these processors change the dynamic and frequency content of the audio signal entirely, also known as “destructive method”. Examples of audio effects are delays, reverb, chorus, etc. Even though the two are different, most musicians don’t make a difference between the two and simply call of them effects.

In music production, using effects can be for either aesthetic purposes or technical purposes. Effects are used to help us better shape the sound as we want it. Effects are an integral part of music production, whether we are working in the analog realm or the digital realm.

Though there are a plethora of effects available today – especially when we work in the digital music production realm – all of these effects fall in one of either three types. The three types of effects are as follows:

1. Dynamic based effects. These are the effects that alter the dynamics of an audio signal. Altering the dynamics translates into the alteration of the level. Examples of dynamic based effects are: the compressor family, including limiters, maximizers, and expanders. These are used so we can manipulate the dynamics of the performance (soften parts that are too loud, or raise parts that are too soft).

2. Frequency based effects. These are the effects that alter the frequency content of an audio signal. By changing the frequency content of the signal we can achieve a brighter or darker sound. This is helpful when the recorded audio file lacks in either of these qualities we want – such as adding “air” to a female vocal to make it sound crispier. Examples of frequency based effects are: equalizers, distortion, and the Wah-Wah.

3. Time based effects. A personal favorite of mine, time based effects are essentially delays and the derivatives. Although there are reverbs, echos, choruses, flangers, phasers, these are all derivatives of delay – the difference is in the time difference between these effects: choruses have a shorter time between two repeating signals than echos do, while reverbs are a cluster of delays. Time based delays help us to shape the depth and dimension of the sound within the mix.

I hope this article has been helpful for you to understand better about effects and their use in music production.

To your effects efficiency,

Endy

I sometimes hear from wives who are confused and upset by the way that their husband is acting during a marital or trial separation. Often, he is acting like an entirely different person and the wife can’t help but wonder what this means in terms of saving her marriage.

I heard from someone who said: “my husband represented the separation as just a short break from one another. He said at the end we would come back and regroup and then get to work on our marriage. Well, he’s not acting like a man who is thinking about his marriage at all. Suddenly, he’s acting like a frat boy again. He goes out with coworkers to bars. He got a ridiculous new hair cut. He doesn’t even attempt to see the kids all that much. It’s as if he wants to totally shed his dad and husband role and I’m not very happy about it. When I bring this to his attention, he says that I need to relax and that he is just blowing off some steam. I tell him that it seems as if the love and commitment is no longer there and he says that I am being overly dramatic. I just don’t understand why he is acting this way. It concerns me and he doesn’t even seem like the man I’ve married anymore. What does his behavior mean for my marriage?”

Men often act in foreign ways once the separation begins. Sometimes, there are troubling reasons behind this and sometimes there are not. It’s very important that you don’t panic or press him too hard. Because often, he is reacting to a stressful and new situation (although he may be reacting in a way that is completely the opposite of the way that you find appropriate.) Additionally, he may well change his mind and his behaviors in the coming weeks. I will discuss this more below.

Separated Husbands Often Exhibit Strange Behaviors That Change And Evolve Over Time: As I alluded to, this situation is entirely new and foreign to both of you. Some people actually cling more tightly to their spouse during the separation and others want more distance. The way that he is acting today may not be the way that he will act tomorrow.

Sometimes, men really do intend to come home fairly soon so they figure that they may as well enjoy themselves during their time away. They may want to experience less responsibilities and conflict. Sometimes, this is perfectly innocent. They aren’t intending to transition to seeing other people or divorcing their spouse. They are just trying to have new or different experiences, as unfair as this may seem.

I understand that seeing your husband completely change his behavior is troubling to you. I felt the same way. And I would never tell you that you should ignore what you are seeing. But I can reassure you that seeing troubling or confusing behavior during a separation is quite common and it doesn’t always mean that he’s trying to discard you or the marriage.

How To Act When You Find Your Husband’s Behavior Troubling Or Confusing During The Separation: I know that it’s very tempting to demand an explanation or to draw his attention to the fact that he’s not acting like himself. But it’s very challenging to talk about this and not have it sound accusatory or to not give off the impression that you are either fearful or insecure. Also, often he will feel the need to defend or justify his behavior, which means that you might start to see more of it.

If the real goal is for his behavior to pass, then you are much better off trying not to make a huge deal out of it. You can briefly question him or ask for clarification if you feel the need to, but don’t get into a huge debate about this or make him feel as if he needs to win an argument.

It’s better to pinpoint what is bothering you the most and to address those aspects of it. For example, the wife was bothered most by the fact that he wasn’t seeing the kids as often as the kids would have liked. This was worth addressing first (rather than the fact that she was bugged by the new hair cut that she thought was an attempt to be more youthful.)

So she might ignore the hair cut and say “the kids have been asking when they’re going to see you. They really miss you and want to spend some time with you. When can I tell them that you’re coming by?”

In this way, you aren’t belittling him or telling him that he’s being a bad father because he’s trying to shed his responsibilities. You are bringing his attention to the fact that his kids miss him and he may be overlooking that aspect of his life.

Above all, don’t make it appear that you are hanging on his every behavior. Know that he may be reacting to stress or loneliness or just confusion. A separation can bring about all sorts of feelings and fears. It’s common for both spouses to have some negative or even confusing reactions. All of this is normal. And if you don’t overreact, you may just see him acting more normally as more time passes and the novelty of the separation begins to wear off. But pushing or dwelling on the point often won’t make him return to his normal self any earlier. In fact, it might just make matters worse when he feels that he needs to defend himself.

Define the ingredients in a unique manner

To give food packaging an entirely new look, make sure to identify the components and present them in an attractive style. Brief the customers thoroughly because there can be many allergic elements that may disturb the users. Make the customers feel that they are buying a unique blend of ingredients that are going to stimulate their taste buds in a significant manner.

Health and safety involved in packaging

Food companies make sure to follow strict rules determined by Food safety authorities. All the boxes need to have nontoxic and nature-friendly material. The risk of contamination must be minimized because if you are not able to convince the customers that the food is being delivered in safe and secure boxes, then the sales will drop unimaginably. Food authorities are telling people to be aware of their rights and the damage a toxic packaging of food can do to their lives.

Innovative label designs

The designs being made by many other companies focus on how the label can attract customers. Understand the products entirely before determining which type of design can work best for these companies. When a person enters a food store, the thing that attracts him is the fantastic logo design, and you need to bring slight changes in it time to time for a dynamic brand image.

Focus on the right population while designing

A rule of thumb for the food packaging boxes design is that use strengths of the product and incorporate it artistically in the box. Bring out feelings of amazement, charm, connectivity, deliciousness, and quality in the customers. Answer these questions such as what type of people will be interested in your food, and why will they be attracted to it. Use these ideas to form a fabulous packaging design for boxes to sell that specific product.

Sell the food items effectively

Understand the benefits of your product first and then make it a point to sell them on those specific strong aspects. Do not let the customers focus on any weak paradigms instead flash the right things and blind them about other things that may not be attractive. Consider the retailers important because the things you do not know about selling products, they may help you in this area. Develop a relationship of trust with them so that whenever a problem occurs, they stand by you and help in difficult time. Get yourself a good support system in the food industry.

Cost-effectiveness

Becoming creative for the packaging box is excellent for the business, but virtually the things that need to change are expensive packaging material. The nature-friendly material is incredibly cost-effective and yields the exceptional amount of profit for the newly emerging food businesses. Think well before selecting the material, production style, printing style and inks. Avoid spending too much for making your brand an extravaganza theme. Food is supposed to provide calm and pleasure to the customers, and the packaging style should focus on that.

Contact with the customers

Communication between manufacturer and consumers is essential and the way we think about food changes everything. Customers are an excellent source of new ideas and improvements. To bring about changes in the packaging style and design a manufacturer needs to develop excellent communication so that they feel involved in the process and emotionally attached. The simplified method used for taking opinions from customers to conduct focus groups and let the people decide what they want in food boxes wholesale designs.

If you’ve written a book, started a business or have a really great idea for a new invention, you might have some confusion about whether you need a copyright, patents or a trademark to protect your rights.

If you have an original written document, such as a story, poem or article then you would be granted a copyright. Patents are for physical and/or conceptual inventions; and trademarks will protect a business logo or slogan, or a character. It is worth noting, however, that you cannot copyright, patent or trademark an intellectual idea, an existing English language word or idiom, or any property that too closely resembles someone else’s copyright, patents or trademarks.

Artwork also would receive a copyright. Trademarks would be needed only if that artwork was for a business application such as a corporate identity (logo), or a character created for a work of literature, art or media, or for advertising applications specific to a company or product.

There is no such thing as a “copyright patent.” Patents are an entirely different application of protective law. A patent is used to protect a physical product, or the concept or plans for a physical product or invention. Patents don’t automatically give you the right to create this object, but they do limit the ability of others to create or profit from this concept in the U.S.

Depending on whether you are applying for a copyright, patents or a trademark, there are some different processes that you will go through. When you create a work of literature or art, you are granted full copyright protection and no further action is needed. However, proving that you own this property is another thing entirely. You can copyright your work through the U.S. Copyright Office, which currently costs $45.00 per work for full Federal protections. Though sending your work to yourself through the mail in a sealed, postmarked envelope will work as well. Just remember, don’t ever open that envelope unless you are needing to defend your copyright and are standing in front of a judge in court, an open envelope will prove nothing.

If you have described an invention in words on paper that does not mean you need a copyright. Patents will need to be awarded by the U.S. Government in order for you to be protected under United States Patent Law. Getting a patent is fairly straight forward and unless your product is contested or complex, you may not need to hire a patent lawyer. The longest and most expensive part of the process can be the patent search. Before a patent can be awarded, the U.S. Patent Office will need to conduct a patent search for similar inventions. The amount of time a researcher must spend looking through records will generally determine the cost of your search fee.

It is important to note that copyright, patents, or trademarks awarded in the United States are only for protection in the U.S. and its territories, and places that have agreements in place with the U.S. Depending on your project, additional copyright, patents or trademarks may be desired.

In a world where one individual can own up to fifty pairs of shoes, the footwear industry has begun to see the need to adopt eco-friendly practices. Shoe manufacturers are improving their production methods to reduce the size of the carbon footprint they leave behind. However, recognizing that green assembly is not enough, the industry has incorporated recycled and biodegradable materials into their production of eco-friendly footwear.

Eco-Friendly Shoe Manufacturing

In the late 19th century when factories sprung up in the United States, domestic footwear manufacturing boomed. Due to inexpensive overseas production practices in recent years, shoe manufacturers have largely vacated the U.S. However, the creation of green footwear is bringing some of that business back home.

Less Energy, More Profit

Shoe manufacturers can actually save money by going green! The following production practices are becoming more and more popular in manufacturing because of their ability to cut costs:

– Wind energy

– Solar energy

– Waste-to-energy conversion

– Energy conserving machinery

Environmentally Friendly Materials

The use of green textiles and post-consumer materials within eco-friendly footwear manufacturing has already made a significant impact on reducing the negative effects of the industry on the Earth. Around since the late 1800’s, St. Louis based Daniel Green Company is one American shoemaker keeping pace with the green times. Their women’s Callie and Kenzie slippers are made from 100% recycled wool, more eco-friendly styles are expected soon, energy use and material waste have been reduced in their manufacturing processes.

Green Textiles:

– Recycled Wool

– Recycled Polyester

– Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET)

– Organic Cotton

– Bamboo

– Hemp

Recycled Textiles

Making a shoe entirely out of recycled materials is nothing new. In 2008, Nike released its Trash Talk, the brand’s first-ever basketball sneaker made entirely from manufacturing waste.

Because the average textile mill consumes about 35 million kilowatts of electricity per hour, it is easy to see the benefit of reusing the materials that were initially produced. Some green footwear manufacturers have bypassed textiles entirely, using plastic bottles or old tires as main components in producing their footwear.

Other Eco-Friendly Practices in the Footwear Industry: Streamlining Processes, Green Packaging, and Overstock Donations

Functioning as a successful shoe company can take a toll on the environment simply, but today manufacturers have choices and economic success does not have to come at the expense of the planet.

Eco-friendly footwear companies are applying the green initiative to all aspects of their business by implementing sustainable corporate policies and green packaging methods. Boxes are being made out of recycled materials and catalogs are being printed on post-consumer paper with soy ink. More and more companies are choosing to eliminate waste by donating overstock and outdated shoes to organizations round the world.

Carpet Mold is all around us and the first sign is the musty odor. If you are suffering from asthma and musty odors you may be susceptible to mold growing in your carpet and will need a clear way to kill mold in carpeting.

In order to effectively kill mildew in carpeting, you will need to follow the correct remediation guidelines. These mold remediation. guidelines should be followed strictly because mildew can occasionally be liberated into the air. The problem from carpeting that causes mold is because either moisture or some dampness has been allotted on the carpeting. At times when you hire carpet cleaners and they use water or other moisture cleaning products, you can have problems. Most problems in carpeting is caused from excess water or flooding that happens from sinks, showers, and other water sources. Many times you will discover that there are black spotting on the carpeting.

This is most likely from the spores growing on the surface of the carpet fibres. In order to kill mold in carpet, you have two options. The first option is to remove the moldy carpet entirely. The second option is to use a natural cleaning product that will take out the mold enzymes. Removing the moldy carpet is usually in the category of mold remediation. You want to be sure when removing carpeting that you follow all the remediation guidelines. At times spores can be liberated into the air because of the shaking and removing of the carpeting. This can cause a larger problem due to the spores liberating into the A.C. system and throughout the house.

In order to correctly and efficiently remove mildew it is recommended to have a natural cleaning product that kills and also prevents spores from coming back. You want to make sure that the product is a solid solution that does not have harsh chemicals, bleach, or acid. The bleach, acid, and harsh chemicals will not only destroy the carpeting, but will also destroy the inside of your lungs. There are natural cleaning products available that remove black mold and also encapsulate the mold area . These natural cleaners will remove staining so you carpeting will look fresh and clean and have no issues. It is important to attack the source of the problem and also use a strong natural cleaning product so the critters does not come back.

The trick to kill carpet mold is not only killing it but also preventing it entirely from growing back.

The trick is, with carpeting, you keep it dry if possible. When dealing with moldy carpets, it is a tough situation to handle. Most times, when a carpet is wet, or cleaned excessively, the carpet fibers are damages. At times, you can remediate the problem by removing the carpeting, or simply using effective natural cleaning products. Cleaning products, which will not damage the carpeting, and your home and yourself, are the most effective to use. Mildew has a case to come back, when cleaned with bleach or any other cleaning agent, will grow back because the spores are not destroyed entirely. The trick is to use a cleaning agent, or a green cleaning product that will remove the spores entirely. And then also block and prevent any future mold amplification. Carpeting is always a judgmental problem. Many cases in mold remediation, the carpeting is sometimes remove due to the excess water damage. When you have a carpet of large amounts of water stains, and there is musty odor, it is usually time to use a powerful cleaning product, or remove the carpeting entirely.

“If you remove the carpeting entirely, be sure to remove the tack strips below the carpeting as well.”

There will be mildew on the wooden tack strips as well. If you start smelling musty odors above the carpeting area, that means that you have black mold and mildew growing inside your home. You do not have to remove carpeting, there is always other solutions. You can use natural cleaning products that will remove and prevent, but be sure to use the correct ones that will not damage carpeting. Green products are usually the best case because of the natural ingredients that can kill mold effectively. But do not forget to prevent from future growth of the mold. Many green cleaning products will clean the area, but will not prevent mold and mildew.

In order to prevent mold and mildew, there are numerous products out there which you can look for, such as safe shield, and other molderizer products. Your best bet is to effectively use these products and find the source of the problem. If you do not find the source of the problem, your mold problem will come back guaranteed no matter what product you use. Always find a easier solution when dealing with black mold. Mold remediation is costly and resource intensive. Sometimes it is necessary, but always try to find a simple solution before investing your time and money into a larger issue. Seek professional advise, and always talk to a mold remediation expert, or use natural cleaning products.

?Always keep a song in your heart – it’s like karaoke for the voices in your head?

-Robert Fulton Abernethy

Music has been part of the development of every culture in the world. People had few forms of entertainment and song and dance were the biggest among them.

Karaoke came into existence in Japan in the early 1970?s when a group of businessmen asked popular nightclub performer Daisuke Inoue to make recordings of his songs for their entertainment. Since what they were really interested in was singing along, these businessmen also asked him to remove the singing from the songs and then display the lyrics. With some insight, Inoue realized that this could actually be a good business opportunity and he invented the first karaoke machine. This was actually a tape recorder that allowed people to play a song after accepting a hundred yen coin. Moreover, Inoue did not sell these tapes; instead, he rented them out. Although this amount was entirely too expensive for the Japanese, the trend caught on.

Karaoke started as supplementary entertainment, the kind placed as an alternative to drinking and eating. Machines were placed in hotels, parks, and restaurants for this very purpose. It took a few years for karaoke to come into its own, and when it did, it took an inescapable grip on the populace. The first sort of karaoke bars was a small booth with a karaoke machine and was referred to as a karaoke box. This could be rented on hourly basis to small groups for private entertainment. These developments took place even before karaoke had become popular recreation in western nations and karaoke boxes continue to be popular places in Japan. The karaoke bar, in its modern form came in to being when karaoke finally reached the west. The trend spread like wildfire. Soon, nightclubs, lounges, cafés, and restaurants in the US and Canada had shipped in karaoke machine for customer entertainment.

The latest karaoke machine use all sorts of media formats to play karaoke music. There are VCD and DVD versions that have become popular for household entertainment as well. Daisuke Inoue won the IgNoble Award in the year 2004 for ?providing an entirely new way for people to learn to tolerate each other?.

The first extremely obvious question is – What is this darned metaphor? Another fancy name? Well… yes and no. It is fancy, but also effective. Charged with energy. Stuffed with genius. By definition, a metaphor is a figure of speech where two entirely dissimilar words or phrases are brought together to suggest a similarity. Confused? What are examples for?

All the world’s a stage

Yes, it’s Shakespeare and he is comparing the world to a stage. You generally don’t see the world as a stage, you see it… as the world, the earth, the mother; but not a stage. That is why it’s a metaphor. Because it has brought together two entirely unrelated things and made sense with it.

That was simple. But there is no peace, here starts the rollercoaster. (bet you won’t enjoy it right now)

1. Extended or telescoping metaphor or conceit

When your metaphoric insight has developed, then you cannot restrain yourself to just one metaphor. Like –

All the world’s a stage and men and women merely players.

This extension – “Men and women are merely players” has made this an extended metaphor. The author stretched “the world” and “a stage” by introducing parts of “the world” (men and women) and “a stage” (players). Of course, it has to make sense. You can’t extend it by comparing men and women to an ipod. Sounds distasteful? Exactly.

2. Metonym

When you’ve grown tired of clichéd words and are searching desperately for a word closely related to it that has not been used to death, that word is a metonym. A new word to replace an old one. Of course, an example. The pen is mightier than the sword. This saying in itself has become clichéd, but originally the thought was otherwise. Here, the pen stands for the freedom of expression and the sword for the power of authority. Now, if you said, freedom is greater than power, nobody would have said Wow. That’s why Pen and Sword instead of freedom and power.

3. Mixed metaphor

Some of us fail to create a good metaphor; such a twisted, out of tune metaphor is called a mixed metaphor.

The waves of emotion have punctured my heart.

Can waves puncture? They do in a nonsensical world, but most of us are still sane, but widely tolerable of nonsense and that is why such nonsense is given a modest name of mixed metaphor.

OK, for info’s sake – there are two kinds of mixed metaphors: permissible mixed metaphors and impermissible mixed metaphors. Never use impermissible ones, so that leaves me to explain only permissible ones.

Permissible mixed metaphors make sense even though the parts are not directly related.

We’ve weathered plenty of storms with an iron will.

There is no connection between weathering the storms and an iron will, still it sounds right.

4. Absolute metaphor

A perfect metaphor to show craziness and confusion. In an Absolute metaphor, the metaphor actually, really, truthfully, doesn’t make sense.

She broke upon a sad piece.

In today’s world of indistinctness, it is reigning absolute. Confuse them with your confusion.

There are two types of Absolute metaphor: Paralogical and antimetaphor.

5. Implied metaphor

Implied metaphor is an indirect metaphor where an implication to the whole is made.

Shut your trap.

He ruffled his feathers.

No bird and no mouth, just feathers and trap. Yeah, that’s implied.

6. Dead metaphor

Dead metaphors have been so overused that they have lost their individuality.

Face of the mountains

Crown of glory

Dead metaphors are mostly used as phrases and not as metaphors. Their association has died. Now, they are just phrases, although their names still remain. Take off your hats. It’s mourning time!

7. Dormant metaphor

Didn’t our teachers say that eating words in not good. Here it is again. When the meaning of a metaphor becomes unclear because the sentence has been shortened, then it is called a dormant metaphor.

He was blazing. (for whaat, if you please)

She flew towards her uncle. (why?)

They blew her off. (WHY?)

OK, it makes sense, but in itself, they don’t create the whole picture. Why chew words. Dormant, yes, they are sleeping. Hibernating. But still alive.

8. Synecdoche metaphor

The name looks scary, but it’s rather simple. In synecdoche metaphor, a part of the association is used instead of the object. For example feathers instead of bird or claws instead of crab. These associations are symbolic of the whole.

Her feet flapped like terrified wings.

9. Root metaphor

Root metaphors are named thus because from them numerous other metaphors can take birth. Also, they are generalizations like –

Time is money.

Make hay while the sun shines.

Etc etc.

10. Active metaphor

Active metaphors are new born so you will have to introduce them to the world. They are not familiar to the reader. That’s why it is better if they are explained clearly.

Her blinking love.

They mashed each other’s lives.

Any new metaphor that hasn’t been written before is an active metaphor.

11. Submerged metaphor

In a submerged metaphor, the first part of the metaphor or the vehicle is implied. For example: his winged dreams or her legged ambition.

12. Dying metaphor

It should have been named ‘rising from the dead metaphor’ or ‘the mummy metaphor’ because when you take out dead metaphors from the grave and use them in your writing, then they can’t be called dying. I don’t know what George Orwell was thinking when he coined the name. J Dying metaphors are clichéd metaphors like

Needle in a haystack

Achilles heel

A different ball game

13. Conceptual metaphor

This is hard, so read slowly. A conceptual metaphor has many metaphoric meanings in them. Their underlying meaning creates a novel thought or a universal concept. Life as journey is an old conceptual metaphor. This metaphor has universal appeal. It is not talking about a particular situation or a person. It stands true to every man.

Also, if you see life as a journey, then you can also use many other metaphors like

My life has just halted

I have reached crossroads.

I came into this world with no luggage.

So, Life is a journey is a conceptual metaphor.

14. Pataphor

Pataphors are metaphors that are stretched to such an extreme that they do not make sense. They are usually used to attract attention and introduce newness.

He put breaks on his fear, accelerated his anger and rammed into the house.

15. Simple or Tight metaphor

In simple metaphor, you don’t need to do much. Just cool it. There is nothing to cool except just it. On a serious note, in a simple metaphor, the relationship between the vehicle (cool) and the tenor (it) is very intimate (tight).

Duck (bow) down.

He is mad (crazy).

You’re a dinosaur (huge).

Usually, simple metaphors are very short. Just two or three words at most.

16. Implicit metaphor

Here, either the vehicle or the tenor is not specified clearly, but implied.

Shut your trap.

Watch your tongue.

Here, ‘trap’ and ‘tongue’ are used instead of mouth and words.

17. Compound or Loose metaphor

A compound metaphor is made of more than one similarity. In it, the writer extends a metaphor by using more than one association.

He ran towards the murderer, a wild beast with a beating heart.

The air smelt of fear, the fear of abandonment.

18. Complex metaphor

In a complex metaphor, you have a simple metaphor and his accomplice (not in crime). Instead of an explanation, an example would do better.

Let me throw some light on his character.

Here, “throw” is used for “light” that in itself is non-existent.

There are a few ways you can utilize your land wisely. One way right off the bat is as a home builder; when you have purchased some land for this purpose, do some homework. Find out if the people who would be buying the homes prefer a development where the houses are large but on a small plot of land; or would they pay more for a customized house on a large piece of property. This knowledge will help you determine what kind of homes to build; and maybe if you should include features like a man-made lake or a big clubhouse.

These days entirely self-sufficient communities are being built. This is where you can live, work, shop, and participate in recreational activities within the boundaries of the community. Such places are especially popular with retirees and senior citizens. Knowing what kind of a community people want to live in will definitely help you develop your land wisely. Then it will prove to be a fantastic investment for you.

In another smart use of the land you can find property acquisitions that will allow you to construct commercial buildings. This is a very good move. People need places to work, places to shop, places to go for sporting events or cultural activities, even places to study and do research for school or for a job – like libraries. Again, find out the needs of the townspeople in the land you bought. Then plan a project that they can benefit from and improve the financial well-being of that town.

An entirely different way of wisely using land is to leave it in its natural state and develop it just enough for people and wildlife to visit. We’re talking about places such as national parks and forests; or land that includes a body of water – like a natural lake or a small pond or even a fountain or a waterfall. All living creatures great and small, animal or human can enjoy such land. Maybe you own a piece of property near an ocean or an even bigger lake that contains a beach. Think of what a wonderful thing a private or public beach can be for local residents and out-of-town visitors alike. This is a wonderful use of both land and water. While they are there they are likely to be able to observe water birds and fish and other types of creatures that inhabit a beach.

Yes, there are many ways an owner of some land can develop it in a wise manner. All it takes is some research and patience; as it will not be an overnight project. However, if you are prepared every step of the way, one day many, many people will get to enjoy the fruits of your labor. With this advice in mind, go ahead and invest in some land. Think of all the people that did this before you. You will realize that you too can succeed in using your land wisely.